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arXiv 1102.1364nucl-thastro-ph.SR
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核介质的性质

Properties of the nuclear medium

M. Baldo, G. F. Burgio

摘要:

我们回顾了我们的知识的性质的核介质,已经研究了多年,多体理论的基础上,实验室实验和天体物理观测。首先,我们考虑现象学实验室数据和天体物理学观测的领域,以及它们对核介质应该具有的特性所能提供的暗示。分析是基于现象学模型,但有一个强大的基础上的物理直觉和令人印象深刻的成功。更微观的模型也被认为是,它表明,他们能够提供宝贵的信息的核介质,特别是其状态方程。特别强调实验室实验和天体物理观测之间的相互作用,并显示它们的互补性如何极大地丰富了我们对核介质结构的见解。然后,我们介绍了核子-核子相互作用和核物质的微观多体理论,并对不同的方法和结果进行了批判性的讨论。介绍并简要讨论了朗道费米液体理论。作为说明性的例子,我们讨论了中子物质在非常低的密度,它是显示如何可以处理内的多体理论。有一节专门讨论配对问题。在能量密度泛函方法的基础上,讨论了与原子核结构的关系。特别强调了将奇异核物理与中子星天体物理联系起来的可能性。最后,我们讨论了核介质的热性质,特别是液-气相变及其与重离子反应和中子星冷却演化唯象的联系。该演示文稿已采取了非专业人士,可能为非核物理学家。

英文摘要:

We review our knowledge on the properties of the nuclear medium that have been studied, along many years, on the basis of many-body theory, laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations. First we consider the realm of phenomenological laboratory data and astrophysical observations, and the hints they can give on the characteristics that the nuclear medium should possess. The analysis is based on phenomenological models, that however have a strong basis on physical intuition and an impressive success. More microscopic models are also considered, and it is shown that they are able to give invaluable information on the nuclear medium, in particular on its Equation of State. The interplay between laboratory experiments and astrophysical observations are particularly stressed, and it is shown how their complementarity enriches enormously our insights into the structure of the nuclear medium. We then introduce the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the microscopic many-body theory of nuclear matter, with a critical discussion about the different approaches and their results. The Landau Fermi Liquid theory is introduced and briefly discussed. As illustrative example, we discuss neutron matter at very low density, and it is shown how it can be treated within the many-body theory. A section is dedicated to the pairing problem. The connection with nuclear structure is then discussed, on the basis of the Energy Density Functional method. The possibility to link the physics of exotic nuclei and the astrophysics of neutron stars is particularly stressed. Finally we discuss the thermal properties of the nuclear medium, in particular the liquid-gas phase transition and its connection with the phenomenology on heavy ion reactions and the cooling evolution of neutron stars. The presentation has been taken for non-specialists and possibly for non-nuclear physicists.

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