Prepared for the Proceedings of the Topical Workshop in Low Radioactivity Techniques (Sudbury, Canada), August 28-29, 2010m (LRT2010). To be published on AIP conference proceedings
Deep underground laboratories are the only places where the extremely low background radiation level required for most experiments looking for rare events in physics and astroparticle physics can be achieved. Underground sites are also the most suitable location for very low background gamma-ray spectrometers, able to assay trace radioactive contaminants. Many operational infrastructures are already available worldwide for science, differing for depth, dimension and rock characteristics. Other underground sites are emerging as potential new laboratories. In this paper the European underground sites are reviewed, giving a particular emphasis on their relative strength and complementarity. A coordination and integration effort among the European Union underground infrastructures was initiated by the EU-funded ILIAS project and proved to be very effective.
European facilities for accelerator neutrino physics: perspectives for the decade to come
很快，新一代的反应堆和加速器中微子振荡实验--双中微子、大亚湾、里诺和T2 K--将寻找由混合参数θ_13产生的振荡信号。这个角度的知识是一个基本的里程碑，以优化进一步的实验，旨在检测CP破坏的中微子部门。轻子CP破坏是一个在粒子物理学和宇宙学中具有深远意义的关键现象，但它显然是上述实验无法达到的。90年代末以来，世界范围内的一项活动正在进行中，即设计能够探测中微子振荡中CP破坏的装置，并对Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa矩阵的轻子对应物进行高精度测量。本文将总结这些研究的现状，重点是最适合利用现有欧洲设施（首先是CERN和INFN Gran Sasso实验室）或欧洲拥有世界领先地位的技术的选择。类似的考虑将在更奇异的场景中发展-超出三个活跃中微子之间的味道振荡的标准框架-这可能在MiniBooNE实验或CNGS后出现异常结果时似乎是合理的。
A Very Intense Neutrino Super Beam Experiment for Leptonic CP Violation Discovery based on the European Spallation Source Linac: A Snowmass 2013 White Paper
