单离子量子锁定放大器
Single Ion Quantum Lock-In Amplifier
摘要：
我们报告的实施量子模拟的经典锁定放大器。所有锁定操作：调制，检测和混合，通过对单个捕获的Sr+离子的电子自旋状态应用非对易量子算符来执行。我们显着增加其对外部领域的敏感性，同时延长相位相干性的三个数量级，超过一秒。利用这种技术，我们测量磁场的灵敏度为25 pT/sqrt（Hz）和光位移的不确定性低于140 mHz后，1320秒的平均值。这些灵敏度受到量子投影噪声的限制，据我们所知，比其他单自旋探针技术好两个数量级以上。事实上，我们报告的灵敏度是足够的测量奇偶不守恒，以及检测的磁场的一个单一的电子自旋一微米的离子探测器与纳米分辨率。作为第一个应用程序，我们进行光移光谱的窄光学四重跃迁。最后，我们强调量子锁定技术是通用的，可以潜在地提高任何量子传感器的灵敏度。
英文摘要：
We report on the implementation of a quantum analog to the classical lock-in amplifier. All the lock-in operations: modulation, detection and mixing, are performed via the application of non-commuting quantum operators on the electronic spin state of a single trapped Sr+ ion. We significantly increase its sensitivity to external fields while extending phase coherence by three orders of magnitude, to more than one second. With this technique we measure magnetic fields with sensitivity of 25 pT/sqrt(Hz) and light shifts with an uncertainty below 140 mHz after 1320 seconds of averaging. These sensitivities are limited by quantum projection noise and, to our knowledge, are more than two orders of magnitude better than with other single-spin probe technologies. In fact, our reported sensitivity is sufficient for the measurement of parity non-conservation, as well as the detection of the magnetic field of a single electronic-spin one micrometer from an ion-detector with nanometer resolution. As a first application we perform light shift spectroscopy of a narrow optical quadruple transition. Finally, we emphasize that the quantum lock-in technique is generic and can potentially enhance the sensitivity of any quantum sensor.
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