采用第一性原理密度泛函方法，结合第一性原理构造的低能模型哈密顿量的求解，研究了Cr基双钙钛矿系列Sr $_2$ CrB $'$ O $_6$（B $'$ =W/Re/Os）的磁性起源和$T_c$趋势.我们的研究表明，在Sr $_2$ CrB $'$ O $_6$（B $'$ =W/Re/Os）系列中明显令人困惑的$T_c$趋势可以从杂化驱动机制和超交换机制的相互作用来理解。
英文摘要：
Employing first principles density functional calculations, together with solution of the low-energy, model Hamiltonian constructed in a first principles manner, we explored the origin of magnetism and $T_c$ trend in Cr-based double perovskite series, Sr$_2$CrB$'$O$_6$ (B$'$=W/Re/Os). Our study shows that the apparently puzzling $T_c$ trend in Sr$_2$CrB$'$O$_6$ (B$'$=W/Re/Os) series can be understood in terms of the interplay of the hybridization driven mechanism and the super-exchange mechanism.
Magnetism and unusual Cu valency in quadruple perovskites
通过从头计算研究了含Cu磁性四重钙钛矿（CaCu $_{3}$ Ti $_{4}$ O $_{12}$，LaCu $_{3}$ Fe $_{4}$ O $_{12}$，和YCu $_{3}$ Co $_{4}$ O $_{12}$）的选择，并表明Cu处于有效的二价Cu（II）-like状态或三价Cu（III）状态取决于八面体阳离子的选择.基于电子结构，我们还讨论了Mott和Zhang-Rice物理在这类材料中的作用。
Understanding magnetism in multiple magnetic sublattice system, driven by the interplay of varied nature of magnetic exchanges, is on one hand challenging and on other hand intriguing. Motivated by the recent synthesis of AA'BB'O_6 double double perovskites with multiple magnetic ions both at A- and B-sites, we investigate the mechanism of magnetic behavior in these interesting class of compounds. We find that the magnetism in such multiple sublattice compounds is governed by the interplay and delicate balance between two distinct mechanisms, a) kinetic energy-driven multiple sublattice double…
The demand for ever-increasing density of information storage and speed of manipulation boosts an intense search for new magnetic materials and novel ways of controlling the magnetic bit. Here, we report the synthesis of a ferromagnetic photovoltaic CH$_3$NH$_3$(Mn:Pb)I$_3$ material in which the photo-excited electrons rapidly melt the local magnetic order through the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida interactions without heating up the spin system. Our finding offers an alternative, very simple and efficient way of optical spin control, and opens an avenue for applications in low power, light con…
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal oxide perovskites greatly expand the field of available 2D multifunctional material systems. Here, based on density functional theory calculations, we predicted the presence of ferromagnetism orders accompanying with an insulator-metal phase transition in bilayer $KNbO_{3}$ and $KTaO_{3}$ by applying strain engineering and/or external electric field. Our results will contribute to the applications of few-layer transition metal oxide perovskites in the emerging spintronics and straintronics.
We use first-principles calculations based on density functional theory to investigate the interplay between oxygen vacancies, A-site cation size / tolerance factor, epitaxial strain, ferroelectricity and magnetism in the perovskite manganite series, AMnO3 (A=Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+). We find that, as expected, increasing the volume through either chemical pressure or tensile strain generally lowers the formation energy of neutral oxygen vacancies consistent with their established tendency to expand the lattice. Increased volume also favors polar distortions, both because competing rotations of the o…
This work has been presented by RJCV to obtain his PhD degree at Fluminense Federal University, in March of 2017. We focused on the synthesis of compounds and then on their magneto-strucutral characterization; mainly due to the interplay of these physical properties. We have prepared intermetallic alloys (including Heusler alloys) and perovskite oxides (manganites and cobaltites); in bulk and nanoparticles. A thorough analysis of the influence of the morphology and crystal structure on the magnetic properties of these compounds is addressed.
The magnetism of the double perovskite compounds \SLFCOx\ ($x$ = 0, 1, 2) are contrasted using magnetization, neutron diffraction and electron paramagnetic resonance with the support from density functional theory calculations. \LFCO\ is identified as a long-range ordered antiferromagnet displaying a near-room temperature transition at $T_N$ = 270~K, accompanied by a low temperature structural phase transition at $T_S$ = 200~K. The structural phase transformation at $T_S$ occurs from $R\overline{3}c$ at 300~K to $Pnma$ at 200~K. The density functional theory calculations support an insulating …
Robust Half-Metallic Character and Large Oxygen Magnetism in a Perovskite Cuprate
新型钙钛矿铜酸盐材料Sr $_{8}$ CaRe $_{3}$ Cu $_{4}$ O $_{24}$具有铁磁性质，居里温度高（$T_c \sim$ 440 K），通过密度泛函理论计算发现，在空穴掺杂或化学取代后，表现出几个令人惊讶的性质：（1）通过用W或Mo取代Re实现了半金属（HM），而$T_c$保持较高;（2）空穴掺杂的Sr $_{8}$ CaRe $_{3}$ Cu $_{4}$ O $_{24}$也是具有高$T_c$的HM。此外，我们发现，O原子将携带一个大的磁矩空穴掺杂后，这是在强烈的对比，在固体磁性的普遍接受的概念，需要部分填充的$d$或$f$电子在阳离子的壳。因此，材料Sr $_8$ CaRe $_3$ Cu $_4$ O $_{24}$有望为材料设计和开发提供非常有用的平台。
The structural and magnetic properties of the face-centered cubic double perovskite Ba2MnWO6 were investigated using neutron powder diffraction, DC-magnetometry, muon spin relaxation and inelastic neutron scattering. Ba2MnWO6 undergoes Type II long-range antiferromagnetic ordering at a Neel temperature of 8(1) K with a frustration index, f = 8. Inelastic neutron scattering was used to identify the magnetic coupling constants J1 and J2, which were found to equal -0.080 meV and -0.076 meV respectively. This indicated that both of the magnetic coupling constants were antiferromagnetic with simila…
Interplays between charge and electric field, which play a critical role in determining the charge transport, recombination, storage and hysteresis in the perovskite solar cell, have been systematically investigated by both electrical transient experiments and theoretical calculations. It is found that the light illumination can increase the carrier concentration in the perovskite absorber, thus enhancing charge recombination and causing the co-existence of high electric field and free carriers. Meanwhile, the cell shows a similar charge storage and junction mechanism to that of the multicryst…
AMX$_3$ compounds are structurally diverse, a notable example being the post-perovskite structure which adopts a two-dimensional framework with corner- and edge-sharing octahedra. Few molecular post-perovskites are known and of these, none have reported magnetic structures. Here we report the synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of molecular post-perovskites: CsNi(NCS)$_3$, a thiocyanate framework, and two new isostructural analogues CsCo(NCS)$_3$ and CsMn(NCS)$_3$. Magnetisation measurements show that all three compounds undergo magnetic order. CsNi(NCS)$_3$ (Curie temperature, $T_\ma…
We present a comprehensive experimental study of magnetization and magnetocaloric effect (MCE) in double perovskite (DP) materials $R_2$NiMnO$_6$ with $R =$ Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy. While a paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, with T$_{\rm C}$ in the range $\sim 100 - 200~$K, is a common feature that can be attributed to the ordering of Mn$^{4+}$ and Ni$^{2+}$ magnetic moments, qualitatively distinct behavior depending on the choice of $R$ is observed at low temperatures. These low-temperature anomalies in magnetization are also manifest in the change in magnetic entropy, $-ΔS_{M}$, wh…
Organic-inorganic coupling in the hybrid lead-halide perovskite is a central issue in rationalizing the outstanding photovoltaic performance of these emerging materials. Here we compare and contrast the evolution of structure and dynamics of the hybrid CH3NH3PbBr3 and the inorganic CsPbBr3 lead-halide perovskites with temperature, using Raman spectroscopy and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Results reveal a stark contrast between their order-disorder transitions, abrupt for the hybrid whereas smooth for the inorganic perovskite. X-ray diffraction observes an intermediate incommensurate phase…
Understanding the controlling principles of band gaps trends in d electron perovskites is needed both for gauging metal-insulator transitions, as well as their application in catalysis and doping. The magnitude of this band gap is rather different for different magnetic spin configurations. We find via electronic structure theory that the factors that connect gapping magnitudes to magnetism depend on the nature of the band edge orbital character (BEOC) and surprisingly scale with the number of antiferromagnetic contacts z$_i$ between neighboring transition metal ions. The dependence is weak wh…
The functional characteristics of double perovskites with unique ferromagnetic-insulator ground state have been controversial due to the unavoidable presence of anti-site disorders (ASDs). Here, we aim to investigate the origin of magnetic ordering on local and global scales in Sm$_{2}$NiMnO$_{6}$ (SNMO) double perovskite system. Different calcination routes are exploited to generate different cation arrangements in SNMO and the corresponding magnetic configurations are examined using the high energy (E $ \sim $0.3 eV) `hot neutrons', which has helped to overcome Sm absorption as well as to re…
Strongly frustrated 2D magnetism in a 3D hexagonal perovskite
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）；Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
Interplay of octahedral rotations and breathing distortions in charge ordering perovskite oxides
利用群论方法研究了$AB$ O $_3$类钙钛矿的结构与性质的关系，这些钙钛矿具有八面体旋转和八面体呼吸畸变（CBD）。八面体的旋转在钙钛矿家族中是普遍存在的，而呼吸扭曲的出现-导致$B$ O $_6$八面体近似均匀膨胀和收缩的氧置换模式-在具有单一化学独特$B$ -位点的组合物中更罕见。CBD的存在依赖于$B$ -位点阳离子的电子不稳定性，轨道简并或价态波动，并且通常伴随着电荷顺序金属-绝缘体转变或$B$ -位点阳离子排序出现。我们列举了从旋转和呼吸晶格模式获得的结构变体，并制定了一个一般的朗道功能描述它们的相互作用。我们使用这些信息，并将其与统计相关技术相结合，以评估原子尺度上的临界温度代表性的电荷有序镍酸盐和铋酸钙钛矿失真的作用。我们的研究结果提供了新的微观见解的基础结构-性能的相互作用，在电子和磁性相界，建议合理的路线来定制功能氧化物的行为设计。
Multiferroics with coupling between ferroelectricity and magnetism have been pursued for decades. However, their magnetoelectric performances remain limited due to the common trade-off between ferroelectricity and magnetism. Here, a family of nitride perovskites is proposed as multiferroics with prominent physical properties and nontrivial mechanisms. Taking GdWN$_3$ as a prototype, our first-principles calculations found that its perovskite phases own large polarizations (e.g. $111.3$ $μ$C/cm$^2$ for the $R3c$ phase) and a magnetic moment $7$ $μ_{\rm B}$/Gd$^{3+}$. More interestingly, its fer…
Through comprehensive density functional calculations, the crystallographic, magnetic and electronic properties of $Na_xCoO_2$ ($x$ = 1, 0.875, 0.75, 0.625 and 0.50) were investigated. We found that all Na ions in $NaCoO_2$ and $Na_{0.875}CoO_2$ share the basal coordinates with O ions. However, as $x$ decreases, some of Na ions move within the basal plane in order to reduce the in-plane Na$-$Na electrostatic repulsion. Magnetically, there was strong tendency for type A antiferromagnetism in the $Na_{0.75}CoO_2$ system, while all other Na deficient systems had a weaker ferromagnetic tendency. T…
Magnetism is a key driving force controlling several thermodynamic and kinetic properties of Fe-Cr systems. We present a newly-developed TB model for Fe-Cr, where magnetism is treated beyond the usual collinear approcimation. A major advantage of this model consists in a rather simple fitting procedure. In particular, no specific properties of the binary system is explicitly required in the fitting database. The present model is proved to be accurate and highly transfer-able for electronic, magnetic and energetic properties of a large variety of structural and chemical environments: surfaces, …
Impact of the Fe Doping on Magnetism in Perovskite Cobaltites
系统地研究了Fe掺杂钙钛矿型钴酸盐多晶样品：Pr $_{1-y}$ Ca $_{y}$ Co $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ O $_3$（$y$ =0.3，$x$ =0-0.15; $y$ =0.45，$x$ =0-0.3）和Gd $_{0.55}$ Sr $_{0.45}$ Co $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ O $_{3}$（$x$ =0-0.3）的磁性和输运性质。Fe掺杂使Pr $_{1-y}$ Ca $_{y}$ Co $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ O $_3$体系的铁磁性增强，但铁磁性随Fe含量的进一步增加而被抑制，在高Fe掺杂水平下观察到自旋玻璃行为。相反，只要Fe被掺杂，在系统Gd $_{0.55}$ Sr $_{0.45}$ Co $_{1-x}$ Fe $_x$ O $_{3}$中的铁磁性被抑制，并且在Fe掺杂高达0.3的样品中没有观察到自旋玻璃行为。通过Fe $^{3+}$ -O-（LS）Co $^{4+}$的铁磁相互作用与通过Fe $^{3+}$ -O-Fe $^{3+}$和Fe $^{3+}$ -O-（IS）Co $^{3+}$的反铁磁相互作用之间的竞争被认为是上述行为的原因。A位上离子的平均半径在确定Fe掺杂主要引入哪种类型的相互作用方面起着关键作用。
We use density functional theory to calculate the structure, band-gap and magnetic properties of oxygen-deficient SrTi$_{1-x-y}$Fe$_x$Co$_y$O$_{3-δ}$ with x = y = 0.125 and $δ$ = (0,0.125,0.25). The valence and the high or low spin-states of the Co and Fe ions, as well as the lattice distortion and the band-gap, depend on the oxygen deficiency, the locations of the vacancies, and on the direction of the Fe-Co axis. A charge redistribution that resembles a self-regulatory response lies behind the valence spin-state changes. Ferromagnetism dominates, and both the magnetization and the band gap a…
Using a combination of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) calculations and exact diagonalization studies of a first-principles derived model, we carry out a microscopic analysis of the magnetic properties of the half-metallic double perovskite compound, Sr$_2$CrMoO$_6$, a sister compound of the much discussed material Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$. The electronic structure of Sr$_2$CrMoO$_6$, though appears similar to Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$ at first glance, shows non trivial differences with that of Sr$_2$FeMoO$_6$ on closer examination. In this context, our study highlights the importance of charge …
Studying optoelectronic properties in FAPb$_{1-x}$Sn$_x$I$_3$ perovskites as a function of the lead:tin content, Parrott et al. observed the broadest luminescence linewidth and the largest luminescence Stokes shift in mixed compositions with Sn $ < 25$% and with $> 0.85$%. Since the largest effects of alloy disorder were expected for the 50:50 composition, it was concluded that the revealed disorder effects might arise from extrinsic factors that can be eliminated upon further crystal growth optimization. This comment shows that the largest effects of alloy disorder for perfectly random fluctu…
We investigate a magnetic hysteresis loop with a remanent moment that couples to electric polarization to create coupled hysteretic multiferroic behavior in Lu2MnCoO6. Measurements of elastic neutron diffraction, muon spin relaxation, and micro-Hall magnetometry demonstrate an unusual mechanism for the magnetic hysteresis, namely the hysteretic evolution of a microscopic magnetic order, and not classic ferromagnetic domain effects. We show how the frustrated spin system evolves from antiferromagnetism with an incommensurate long-wavelength modulation and strong fluctuations towards a net magne…
Using a combination of low-temperature nanocalorimetry and x-ray diffraction we identify three temperature regimes characterized by distinct Na ordering patterns (low temperature up to 290 K, intermediate 290-340 K, and high above 340 K). Through freezing-in of these patterns we establish the two key roles sodium intercalation plays in the formation of the magnetic ground state: supplying the proper electron count for in-plane ferromagnetic interaction and through the 3D sodium ordering providing the interplane antiferromagnetic exchange path.
Electronic structure calculations indicate that the Sr2FeSbO6 double perovskite has a flat-band set just above the Fermi level that includes contributions from ordinary sub-bands with weak kinetic electron hopping plus a flat sub-band that can be attributed to the lattice geometry and orbital interference. To place the Fermi energy in that flat band, electron doped samples with formulas Sr2-xLaxFeSbO6 (0 < x < 0.3) were synthesized and their magnetism and ambient temperature crystal structures determined by high-resolution synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction. All materials appear to display a…
