磁星爆发：观测评论
Magnetar outbursts: an observational review
摘要：
磁星的瞬态爆发已被证明是其发射的一个关键特性，也是发现此类新源的主要途径之一。从2003年左右发现第一个瞬变事件开始，我们现在统计了大约12次爆发，这些爆发使这些强磁性中子星的数量在六年内增加了三分之一。磁星爆发可能涉及它们的多波段发射，导致从无线电到硬X射线的活动增加，通常软X射线通量相对于静止水平增加10-1000倍。一个连接的X射线光谱演化也经常被观察到，在爆发衰变过程中光谱软化。通量衰减时间在源与源之间变化很大，从几周到几年不等，因为可能需要类似指数的衰减定律、幂律或甚至多个幂律来模拟通量减少。本文综述了磁星多波段辐射的最新观测结果，并逐一总结了迄今为止可以从这些源研究的瞬态事件。
英文摘要：
Transient outbursts from magnetars have shown to be a key property of their emission, and one of the main way to discover new sources of this class. From the discovery of the first transient event around 2003, we now count about a dozen of outbursts, which increased the number of these strongly magnetic neutron stars by a third in six years. Magnetar outbursts might involve their multi-band emission resulting in an increased activity from radio to hard X-ray, usually with a soft X-ray flux increasing by a factor of 10-1000 with respect to the quiescent level. A connected X-ray spectral evolution is also often observed, with a spectral softening during the outburst decay. The flux decay times vary a lot from source to source, ranging from a few weeks to several years, as also the decay law which can be exponential-like, a power-law or even multiple power-laws can be required to model the flux decrease. We review here on the latest observational results on the multi-band emission of magnetars, and summarize one by one all the transient events which could be studied to date from these sources.
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