微类星体喷流与超新星碰撞时SS433-W50相互作用的流体动力学模拟
When Microquasar Jets and Supernova Collide: Hydrodynamically Simulating the SS433-W50 Interaction
摘要：
本文研究了微类星体SS 433的相对论性旋进喷流与周围膨胀的超新星遗迹壳层W 50之间的相互作用，以及由此产生的非均匀星际介质的演化。我们使用流体动力学FLASH代码，它使用自适应网格细化模型的演变。我们表明，整个星云的奇特形态可以复制到一个很好的近似值，由于以下因素的综合影响：（i）SNR壳层从自由膨胀阶段通过Sedov爆炸波在银河系盘的指数密度分布的演变，以及（ii）随后的相对论性，旋进射流SS 433的相互作用。我们的模拟显示：（1）独立测量了SS 433附近的星系标度高度和密度（当n_0 = 0.2 cm^{-3}，Z_d = 40 pc），这个标度高度与Dehnen和Binney的工作非常一致。(2)锥形射流再聚焦的新机理。(3)目前的喷流进动特征并不能简单地外推到产生W50的叶，但至少有3次不同爆发的喷流活动的历史，具有不同的进动特征，足以产生W50星云。在一篇配套论文（Goodall等人，MNRAS提交）中详细描述的W50运动学研究中，也提出了SS 433间歇性喷流活动的历史。(4)W 50的年龄估计，相当于SS 433的黑洞在超新星爆炸期间产生的年龄，在17，000 - 21，000年之间。
英文摘要：
We present investigations of the interaction between the relativistic, precessing jets of the microquasar SS433 with the surrounding, expanding Supernova Remnant (SNR) shell W50, and the consequent evolution in the inhomogeneous Interstellar Medium (ISM). We model their evolution using the hydrodynamic FLASH code, which uses adaptive mesh refinement. We show that the peculiar morphology of the entire nebula can be reproduced to a good approximation, due to the combined effects of: (i) the evolution of the SNR shell from the free-expansion phase through the Sedov blast wave in an exponential density profile from the Milky Way disc, and (ii) the subsequent interaction of the relativistic, precessing jets of SS 433. Our simulations reveal: (1) Independent measurement of the Galaxy scale-height and density local to SS433 (as n_0 = 0.2 cm^{-3}, Z_d = 40 pc), with this scale-height being in excellent agreement with the work of Dehnen & Binney. (2) A new mechanism for hydrodynamic refocusing of conical jets. (3) The current jet precession characteristics do not simply extrapolate back to produce the lobes of W50 but a history of episodic jet activity having at least 3 different outbursts with different precession characteristics would be sufficient to produce the W50 nebula. A history of intermittent episodes of jet activity from SS433 is also suggested in a kinematic study of W50 detailed in a companion paper (Goodall et al, MNRAS submitted). (4) An estimate of the age of W50, and equivalently the age of SS433's black hole created during the supernova explosion, in the range of 17,000 - 21,000 years.
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