语言动态中的老化
Aging in language dynamics
摘要：
人类语言不断进化，一个令人困惑的问题是，如何协调我们使用的大多数深层语言结构的明显鲁棒性和它们可能经历缓慢但无休止的变化的证据。我们今天观察到的语言的状态是更接近于具有统计稳定特性的动态吸引子，还是更接近于随时间缓慢演化的非稳态？在这里，我们解决这个问题的框架中出现的共享语言类别的个人通过语言游戏进行交互的人口。所观察到的新兴的渐近分类，这是以前测试成功-对人类语言的实验数据，对应于一个亚稳态，其中全球的变化总是可能的，但逐步更不可能和响应特性取决于年龄的系统。这种老化机制与在玻璃态系统的统计力学中所观察到的具有惊人的定量相似性。我们认为，这可以是一个普遍的情况下，在语言动力学共享的语言惯例不会出现吸引子，而是作为亚稳态。
英文摘要：
Human languages evolve continuously, and a puzzling problem is how to reconcile the apparent robustness of most of the deep linguistic structures we use with the evidence that they undergo possibly slow, yet ceaseless, changes. Is the state in which we observe languages today closer to what would be a dynamical attractor with statistically stationary properties or rather closer to a non-steady state slowly evolving in time? Here we address this question in the framework of the emergence of shared linguistic categories in a population of individuals interacting through language games. The observed emerging asymptotic categorization, which has been previously tested - with success - against experimental data from human languages, corresponds to a metastable state where global shifts are always possible but progressively more unlikely and the response properties depend on the age of the system. This aging mechanism exhibits striking quantitative analogies to what is observed in the statistical mechanics of glassy systems. We argue that this can be a general scenario in language dynamics where shared linguistic conventions would not emerge as attractors, but rather as metastable states.
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