弦论--规则统一与量子场论范式的始环
String Theory - Nomological Unification and the Epicycles of the Quantum Field Theory Paradigm
摘要：
弦论是三个概念上独立的元素结合的结果：（i）力的法则统一的形而上学观念，（ii）量子场论的模型理论范式，（iii）量子世界中经典引力的冲突。弦理论有时被认为解决了这个矛盾：通过（微扰的）量子场论的模型理论装置的应用。但是，弦论并没有真正解决这个矛盾。相反，它在量子引力的背景下证明了这个模型理论装置的不足：经过几十年的发展，它仍然只存在于一个本质上是微扰的公式中（关于可能的非微扰公式，有轻微的非微扰扩展和模糊的想法）。而且，由于它的量子场论遗产，它在概念上与广义相对论的核心含义不相容，特别是那些由引力和时空之间的广义相对论关系产生的含义。所有已知的弦论公式都是背景相关的。另一方面，甚至不可能复制标准模型。相反，弦论导致了大量的内部问题--以及大量的具有不同律则和对称性的低能场景，被称为弦景观。所有试图找到一个动力学驱动的选择原理的尝试都没有成功，使得弦论没有任何预测能力。只有在量子场论的模型理论范式中，通过物理上没有动机的周转圆，如高维、卡-丘空间、膜等，才能以纯粹形式的方式实现基本力的法则统一。
英文摘要：
String Theory is the result of the conjunction of three conceptually independent elements: (i) the metaphysical idea of a nomological unity of the forces, (ii) the model-theoretical paradigm of Quantum Field Theory, and (iii) the conflict resulting from classical gravity in a quantum world. String Theory is sometimes assumed to solve this conflict: by means of an application of the model-theoretical apparatus of (perturbative) Quantum Field Theory. But, String Theory does not really solve the conflict. Rather it exemplifies the inadequacy of this model-theoretical apparatus in the context of Quantum Gravity: After several decades of development it still exists only in an essentially perturbative formulation (with minor non-perturbative extensions and vague ideas with regard to a possible non-perturbative formulation). And, due to its quantum field theoretical heritage, it is conceptually incompatible with central implications of General Relativity, especially those resulting from the general relativistic relation between gravity and spacetime. All known formulations of String Theory are background-dependent. On the other hand, it was not even possible to reproduce the Standard Model. Instead, String Theory led to a multitude of internal problems - and to the plethora of low-energy scenarios with different nomologies and symmetries, known as the String Landscape. All attempts to find a dynamically motivated selection principle remained without success, leaving String Theory without any predictive power. The nomological unification of the fundamental forces is only achieved in a purely formal way within the model-theoretical paradigm of Quantum Field Theory - by means of physically unmotivated epicycles like higher dimensionality, Calabi-Yau spaces, branes, etc.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
