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arXiv 1101.0682astro-ph.CO
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星暴和活动星系核的H3O +谱线发射

H3O+ Line Emission from Starbursts and AGNs

S. Aalto, F. Costagliola, F. van der Tak, R. Meijerink

摘要:

我们用H3 O+分子来研究星暴和活动星系核活动对分子星际介质化学的影响。利用JCMT观测到7个活动星系中心的p-H_3 O ~+3+_2 - 2-_2364GHz谱线。我们已经检测到对IC 342、NGC 253、NGC 1068、NGC 4418和NGC 6240的p-H3 O+。获得IRAS 15250和Arp 299的上限。我们在所有探测到的星系中发现了大的H3 O+丰度(N(H3 O+)/N(H2)>10^{-8}),除了在IC 342中,它大约低一个数量级。然而,我们注意到,在N(H3 O+)的不确定性可能是显着的,由于缺乏明确的信息源的大小和激发。我们进一步比较了衍生的N(H_3O ~+)和N(HCO ~+),发现NGC 1068中H_3O ~+/HCO ~+柱密度比大(24),NGC 4418和NGC 253中中等(4-5),NGC 6240中略小于1(0.7),IC 342中最低(0.2-0.6)。我们比较我们的结果与模型的X射线和光子占主导地位的地区(XDR和PDR)。对于IC 342,我们发现,恒星爆发PDR化学可以解释所观察到的H3 O+丰度。对于其他星系,大的H3 O+柱通常与XDR模型一致。特别是对于NGC 1068,升高的N(H3 O+)/N(HCO+)比表明低柱密度XDR。然而,对于NGC 4418,大HC 3 N丰度与XDR解释不一致。另一种可能性是H3 O+是通过H2O从尘埃颗粒中蒸发并与HCO+在温暖、稠密的气体中反应而形成的。这种情况也可能适合NGC 253的结果。对H3 O+的激发和分布的进一步研究,以及对水丰度的赫歇尔观测,将有助于进一步限制模型。

英文摘要:

We use the H3O+ molecule to investigate the impact of starburst and AGN activity on the chemistry of the molecular interstellar medium. Using the JCMT, we have observed the 3+_2 - 2-_2 364 GHz line of p-H3O+ towards the centers of seven active galaxies. We have detected p-H3O+ towards IC342, NGC253, NGC1068, NGC4418, and NGC6240. Upper limits were obtained for IRAS15250 and Arp299. We find large H3O+ abundances (N(H3O+)/N(H2)>10^{-8}) in all detected galaxies apart from in IC342 where it is about one order of magnitude lower. We note, however, that uncertainties in N(H3O+) may be significant due to lack of definite information on source size and excitation. We furthermore compare the derived N(H3O+) with N(HCO+) and find that the H3O+ to HCO+ column density ratio is large in NGC1068 (24), moderate in NGC4418 and NGC253 (4-5), slightly less than unity in NGC6240 (0.7) and lowest in IC342 (0.2-0.6). We compare our results with models of X-ray and photon dominated regions (XDRs and PDRs). For IC342 we find that a starburst PDR chemistry can explain the observed H3O+ abundance. For the other galaxies, the large H3O+ columns are generally consistent with XDR models. In particular for NGC1068 the elevated N(H3O+)/N(HCO+) ratio suggests a low column density XDR. For NGC4418 however, large HC3N abundances are inconsistent with the XDR interpretation. An alternative possibility is that H3O+ forms through H2O evaporating off dust grains and reacting with HCO+ in warm, dense gas. This scenario could also potentially fit the results for NGC253. Further studies of the excitation and distribution of H3O+ - as well as Herschel observations of water abundances - will help to further constrain the models.

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