利用天体测量轨道获取日冕图像
Utilizing Astrometric Orbits to Obtain Coronagraphic Images
摘要：
我们提出了一种方法，利用天体测量轨道信息，以提高产量的行星图像和光谱的后续直接检测任务。这种方法是基于一种严格假设的概念，即如果一颗特定的恒星可以被连续观测，那么仪器将及时观测到宜居带的所有部分，这样就不会错过任何居住在其中的行星。这一战略无法在任何现实的特派团设想中实施。但是，如果一颗系外行星的轨道是从天体测量观测中得知的，那么就有可能计划和安排一系列相当于连续观测的成像观测。可以记录一系列在时间上间隔最佳的图像，以检查轨道的连续部分。随着时间的推移，所有的部分都将被检查，导致不可避免地发现行星。在本文中，我们将展示如何天体测量轨道信息可以用来构建这样的序列。使用天体测量和成像目标列表中的恒星，我们发现这个序列中的观测次数通常在2到7之间，代表找到行星所需的最大观测次数。观测值的可能数量在1.5到3.1之间。这是一个显着的改进效率比以前的方法提出利用天体测量轨道。我们研究如何实施这种方法是复杂的，并受到操作限制。我们发现，它可以完全实现内部日冕和视觉零任务，成功率接近100%。外部掩星任务也将受益，但程度较低。
英文摘要：
We present an approach for utilizing astrometric orbit information to improve the yield of planetary images and spectra from a follow-on direct detection mission. This approach is based on the notion-strictly hypothetical-that if a particular star could be observed continuously, the instrument would in time observe all portions of the habitable zone so that no planet residing therein could be missed. This strategy could not be implemented in any realistic mission scenario. But if an exoplanet's orbit is known from astrometric observation, then it may be possible to plan and schedule a sequence of imaging observations that is the equivalent of continuous observation. A series of images-optimally spaced in time-could be recorded to examine contiguous segments of the orbit. In time, all segments would be examined, leading to the inevitable detection of the planet. In this paper, we show how astrometric orbit information can be used to construct such a sequence. Using stars from astrometric and imaging target lists, we find that the number of observations in this sequence typically ranges from 2 to 7, representing the maximum number of observations required to find the planet. The probable number of observations ranges from 1.5 to 3.1. This is a dramatic improvement in efficiency over previous methods proposed for utilizing astrometric orbits. We examine how the implementation of this approach is complicated and limited by operational constraints. We find that it can be fully implemented for internal coronagraph and visual nuller missions, with a success rate approaching 100%. External occulter missions will also benefit, but to a lesser degree.
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