中子星三重态配对和中微子发射的超流相
Superfluid phases of triplet pairing and neutrino emission from neutron stars
摘要：
研究了三重自旋超流中子液体中中性弱流引起的中微子能量损失，其中凝聚体包含多个磁量子数。分析了多组分凝聚体在能量和动量的类时域中的低能激发。随着著名的激发形式的破碎的库珀对，理论分析预测存在的集体波的自旋密度在非常低的能量。由于自旋波的激发能相当小，它们的衰变导致在最低温度下大量的中微子发射，当所有其他中微子能量损失机制被超流杀死时。中微子的能量损失造成的对复合和自旋波衰变的检查，在所有的多组分相，可能代表基态的冷凝物，根据现代理论，并为情况下，当一个相变发生在冷凝物在一定温度下。我们的估计预测，中微子能量损失急剧增加，然后减少，随着温度的下降，这比没有相变的情况下发生得更快。我们论证了自旋波衰变引起的中微子辐射在中子星冷却中的重要作用。
英文摘要：
Neutrino energy losses through neutral weak currents in the triplet-spin superfluid neutron liquid are studied for the case of condensate involving several magnetic quantum numbers. Low-energy excitations of the multicomponent condensate in the timelike domain of the energy and momentum are analyzed. Along with the well-known excitations in the form of broken Cooper pairs, the theoretical analysis predicts the existence of collective waves of spin density at very low energy. Because of a rather small excitation energy of spin waves, their decay leads to a substantial neutrino emission at the lowest temperatures, when all other mechanisms of neutrino energy loss are killed by a superfluidity. Neutrino energy losses caused by the pair recombination and spin-wave decays are examined in all of the multicomponent phases that might represent the ground state of the condensate, according to modern theories, and for the case when a phase transition occurs in the condensate at some temperature. Our estimate predicts a sharp increase in the neutrino energy losses followed by a decrease, along with a decrease in the temperature, that takes place more rapidly than it would without the phase transition. We demonstrate the important role of the neutrino radiation caused by the decay of spin waves in the cooling of neutron stars.
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