修正的热力学描述“近似理想流体”的某些普适性质
Modified Thermodynamics as an Approach to the Description of some Universal Properties of "Nearly Perfect Fluids"
摘要：
我们表明，量子统计力学描述的量子和热性质的对象只有一个特定的半经典近似的意义。我们提出了一个更一般的（比理论）微观描述的对象在热浴考虑真空作为一个对象的环境，我们称之为$(\hbar,k)-$动力学（$\hbar kD)$。我们引入一个新的生成算子，薛定谔或随机作用算子，并将显示其基本作用，如内能，有效温度和有效熵的确定等宏观量。我们建立了$\hbar kD$可以作为一个初始的微观理论，构建一个修改的热力学。在此基础上，我们可以用$\hbar/2k$的形式解释零温时“有效作用量与有效熵”之比的普遍性及其极小值。这一结果对应于最近在研究一种新的物质状态--一种近乎完美的流体--时获得的实验数据。
英文摘要：
We show that the quantum statistical mechanics describing quantum and thermal properties of objects has only the sense of a particular semiclassical approximation. We propose a more general (than that theory) microdescription of objects in a heat bath taking a vacuum into account as an object environment; we call it $(\hbar,k)-$dynamics ($\hbar kD)$. We introduce a new generative operator, a Schrödingerian or a stochastic action operator, and will show its fundamental role in the determination of such macroquantities as internal energy, effective temperature, and effective entropy. We establish that $\hbar kD$ can serve as an initial microtheory for constructing a modified thermodynamics. On this ground, we can explain the universality of the ratio "effective action to effective entropy" at zero temperature and its minimal value in the form $\hbar/2k$. This result corresponds to experimental data obtained recently under studying a new matter state - a nearly perfect fluid.
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