单个自发光子作为原子物质波的相干分束器
Single spontaneous photon as a coherent beamsplitter for an atomic matterwave
摘要：
在自发发射中，处于激发态的原子经历到基态的跃迁并发射单个光子。与发射相关联的是由于光子反冲而引起的原子动量的变化。光子发射可以在靠近表面和空腔的地方进行修改。对于一个离子，定位在前面的镜子，发射的共振荧光的相干性已被报道。在自由空间实验中，自发发射破坏了运动相干性。在这里，我们报告的运动相干创建一个单一的自发发射事件接近镜面。用原子干涉法验证了原子自由运动的相干性。光子可以被看作是原子物质波的分束器，因此我们的实验扩展了爱因斯坦最初的反冲狭缝Gedanken实验的情况下，狭缝是在一个强大的相干叠加的两个反冲与两个路径的量子。
英文摘要：
In spontaneous emission an atom in an excited state undergoes a transition to the ground state and emits a single photon. Associated with the emission is a change of the atomic momentum due to photon recoil. Photon emission can be modified close to surfaces and in cavities. For an ion, localized in front of a mirror, coherence of the emitted resonance fluorescence has been reported. In free space experiments demonstrated that spontaneous emission destroys motional coherence. Here we report on motional coherence created by a single spontaneous emission event close to a mirror surface. The coherence in the free atomic motion is verified by atom interferometry. The photon can be regarded as a beamsplitter for an atomic matterwave and consequently our experiment extends the original recoiling slit Gedanken experiment by Einstein to the case where the slit is in a robust coherent superposition of the two recoils associated with the two paths of the quanta.
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