太阳帆的Poynting-Robertson效应
The Poynting-Robertson Effect on Solar Sails
摘要：
我们考虑一种特殊的相对论效应，称为坡印廷-罗伯逊效应，对各种类型的太阳帆的轨迹。由于这种效应发生在$v^ϕ/c$阶，其中$v^ϕ$是相对于太阳的切向速度，它可以支配其他特殊相对论效应，发生在$v^2/c^2$阶。虽然太阳辐射可以用来推动太阳帆，但它的吸收部分也会在切向方向上产生阻力。对于逃逸轨道，这会减小巡航速度，这会对日心距离产生累积影响。对于一个直接面向太阳的太阳帆，坡印廷-罗伯逊效应降低了它的轨道速度，从而使它缓慢地螺旋向太阳运动。我们也考虑这种效果的非开普勒轨道中的太阳帆是倾斜的方位角方向。虽然原则上可以通过太阳帆在极地方向的极小倾斜来抵消阻力，但定期调整更为可行。
英文摘要：
We consider a special relativistic effect, known as the Poynting-Robertson effect, on various types of trajectories of solar sails. Since this effect occurs at order $v^ϕ/c$, where $v^ϕ$ is the tangential speed relative to the sun, it can dominate over other special relativistic effects, which occur at order $v^2/c^2$. While solar radiation can be used to propel the solar sail, the absorbed portion of it also gives rise to a drag force in the tangential direction. For escape trajectories, this diminishes the cruising velocity, which can have a cumulative effect on the heliocentric distance. For a solar sail directly facing the sun in a bound orbit, the Poynting-Robertson effect decreases its orbital speed, thereby causing it to slowly spiral towards the sun. We also consider this effect for non-Keplerian orbits in which the solar sail is tilted in the azimuthal direction. While in principle the drag force could be counter-balanced by an extremely small tilt of the solar sail in the polar direction, periodic adjustments are more feasible.
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