We investigate the reconstruction capabilities of Dark Matter mass and spin-independent cross-section from future ton-scale direct detection experiments using germanium, xenon or argon as targets. Adopting realistic values for the exposure, energy threshold and resolution of Dark Matter experiments which will come online within 5 to 10 years, the degree of complementarity between different targets is quantified. We investigate how the uncertainty in the astrophysical parameters controlling the local Dark Matter density and velocity distribution affects the reconstruction. For a 50 GeV WIMP, astrophysical uncertainties degrade the accuracy in the mass reconstruction by up to a factor of $\sim 4$ for xenon and germanium, compared to the case when astrophysical quantities are fixed. However, combination of argon, germanium and xenon data increases the constraining power by a factor of $\sim 2$ compared to germanium or xenon alone. We show that future direct detection experiments can achieve self-calibration of some astrophysical parameters, and they will be able to constrain the WIMP mass with only very weak external astrophysical constraints.
In most multi-component dark-matter scenarios, two classes of processes generically contribute to event rates at experiments capable of probing the nature of the dark sector. The first class consists of "diagonal" processes involving only a single species of dark-matter particle -- processes analogous to those which arise in single-component dark-matter scenarios. By contrast, the second class consists of "off-diagonal" processes involving dark-matter particles of different species. Such processes include inelastic scattering at direct-detection experiments, asymmetric production at colliders,…
In single-component theories of dark matter, the $2\to 2$ amplitudes for dark-matter production, annihilation, and scattering can be related to each other through various crossing symmetries. These crossing relations lie at the heart of the celebrated complementarity which underpins different existing dark-matter search techniques and strategies. In multi-component theories of dark matter, by contrast, there can be many different dark-matter components with differing masses. This then opens up a new, "diagonal" direction for dark-matter complementarity: the possibility of dark-matter decay fro…
Dark Matter experiments searching for Weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) primarily use nuclear recoils (NRs) in their attempt to detect WIMPs. Migdal-induced electronic recoils (ERs) provide additional sensitivity to light Dark Matter with $\mathcal{O}(\text{GeV}/c^2)$ masses. In this work, we use Bayesian inference to find the parameter space where future detectors like XENONnT and SuperCDMS SNOLAB will be able to detect WIMP Dark Matter through NRs, Migdal-induced ERs or a combination thereof. We identify regions where each detector is best at constraining the Dark Matter mass and …
Dark Matter Complementarity in the pMSSM and the ILC
寻找和潜在的暗物质（DM）的识别将需要一个同时的，多管齐下的方法，由大型强子对撞机，直接和间接DM检测实验，并最终，ILC发挥重要作用。19参数p（现象学）MSSM可以为中性伴子DM的互补性研究提供一个广泛的框架。在这次演讲中，我总结了这些搜索在7，8和14 TeV LHC的灵敏度，结合了\Fermi，CTA，IceCube/DeepCore，COUPP，LZ和XENON的搜索。这些搜索的优点和缺点进行了简要的讨论，因为它们是相互依存的作用，在探测pMSSM模型参数空间。我也评论未来的作用，国际法委员会在探索的详细性质的中性伴子DM。
Direct detection dark matter experiments looking for WIMP-nucleus elastic scattering will soon be sensitive to an irreducible background from neutrinos which will drastically affect their discovery potential. Here we explore how the neutrino background will affect future ton-scale experiments considering both spin-dependent and spin-independent interactions. We show that combining data from experiments using different targets can improve the dark matter discovery potential due to target complementarity. We find that in the context of spin-dependent interactions, combining results from several …
We explore the possibility that bound states involving dark matter particles could be detected by resonance searches at the LHC, and the generic implications of such scenarios for indirect and direct detection. We demonstrate that resonance searches are complementary to mono-jet searches and can probe dark matter masses above 1 TeV with current LHC data. We argue that this parameter regime, where the bound-state resonance channel is the most sensitive probe of the dark sector, arises most naturally in the context of non-trivial dark sectors with large couplings, nearly-degenerate dark-matter-l…
We examine the capabilities of planned direct detection, indirect detection, and collider experiments in exploring the 19-parameter p(henomenological)MSSM, focusing on the complementarity between the different search techniques. In particular, we consider dark matter searches at the 7, 8 (and eventually 14) TeV LHC, \Fermi, CTA, IceCube/DeepCore, and LZ. We see that the search sensitivities depend strongly on the WIMP mass and annihilation mechanism, with the result that different search techniques explore orthogonal territory. We also show that advances in each technique are necessary to full…
The fundamental nature of Dark Matter is a central theme of the Snowmass 2021 process, extending across all Frontiers. In the last decade, advances in detector technology, analysis techniques and theoretical modeling have enabled a new generation of experiments and searches while broadening the types of candidates we can pursue. Over the next decade, there is great potential for discoveries that would transform our understanding of dark matter. In the following, we outline a road map for discovery developed in collaboration among the Frontiers. A strong portfolio of experiments that delves dee…
We generalize the formalism for DM capture in celestial bodies to account for arbitrary mediator mass, and update the existing and projected astrophysical constraints on DM-nucleon scattering cross section from observations of neutron stars. We show that the astrophysical constraints on the DM-nucleon interaction strength, that were thought to be the most stringent, drastically weaken for light mediators and can be completely voided. For asymmetric DM, existing astrophysical constraints are completely washed out for mediators lighter than 5 MeV, and for annihilating DM the projected constraint…
We analyze the constraints from direct and indirect detection on fermionic Majorana Dark Matter (DM). Because the interaction with the Standard Model (SM) particles is spin-dependent, a priori the constraints that one gets from neutrino telescopes, the LHC, direct and indirect detection experiments are comparable. We study the complementarity of these searches in a particular example, in which a heavy $Z'$ mediates the interactions between the SM and the DM. We find that for heavy dark matter indirect detection provides the strongest bounds on this scenario, while IceCube bounds are typically …
The mechanism(s) driving the early- and late-time accelerated expansion of the Universe represent one of the most compelling mysteries in fundamental physics today. The path to understanding the causes of early- and late-time acceleration depends on fully leveraging ongoing surveys, developing and demonstrating new technologies, and constructing and operating new instruments. This report presents a multi-faceted vision for the cosmic survey program in the 2030s and beyond that derives from these considerations. Cosmic surveys address a wide range of fundamental physics questions, and are thus …
We study the phenomenology and detection prospects of a sub-GeV Dirac dark matter candidate with resonantly enhanced annihilations via a dark photon mediator. The model evades cosmological constraints on light thermal particles in the early universe while simultaneously being in reach of current and upcoming terrestrial experiments. We conduct a global analysis of the parameter space , considering bounds from accelerator and direct detection experiments, as well as those arising from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis, the Cosmic Microwave Background and dark matter self-interactions. We also extend our…
The complementarity of direct, indirect and collider searches for dark matter has improved our understanding concerning the properties of the dark matter particle. In this short review, we present a step toward the fundamental nature of dark matter with direct detection experiments only, go through some of the potential dark matter signals in gamma-rays, x-rays, and anti-matter, and lastly discuss the prospects of WIMPs in the next decade.
In this work we introduce RAPIDD, a surrogate model that speeds up the computation of the expected spectrum of dark matter particles in direct detection experiments. RAPIDD replaces the exact calculation of the dark matter differential rate (which in general involves up to three nested integrals) with a much faster parametrization in terms of ordinary polynomials of the dark matter mass and couplings, obtained in an initial training phase. In this article, we validate our surrogate model on the multi-dimensional parameter space resulting from the effective field theory description of dark matt…
The phrase "more is different" is often used to refer to the new, unexpected collective phenomena that can arise when the number of states in a given system is large. In this contribution to the Snowmass 2021 Study, we describe 13 unexpected collective phenomena that can arise when the dark sector contains a large number of states, contrary to the usual assumptions. These 13 take-away lessons stretch across all of the domains of relevance for dark-matter physics, including collider signatures, direct-detection signatures, indirect-detection signatures, new perspectives on dark-matter complemen…
Five-dimensional braneworld constructions in anti-de Sitter space naturally lead to dark sector scenarios in which parts of the dark sector vanish at high 4d momentum or temperature. In the language of modified gravity, such feature implies a new mechanism for hiding light scalars, as well as the possibility of UV-completing chameleon-like effective theories. In the language of dark matter phenomenology, the high-energy behaviour of the mediator sector changes dark matter observational complementarity. A multitude of signatures---including exotic ones---are present from laboratory to cosmologi…
We exploit the complementarity among supersymmetry, inflation, axions, Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) and Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMB) to constrain supersymmetric axion models in the light of the recent Planck and BICEP results. In particular, we derive BBN bounds coming from altering the light element abundances by taking into account hadronic and electromagnetic energy injection, and CMB constraints from black-body spectrum distortion. Lastly, we outline the viable versus excluded region of these supersymetric models that might account for the mild dark radiation observed.
Dark matter particles can be observably produced at intensity-frontier experiments, and opportunities in the next decade will explore important parameter space motivated by thermal DM models, the dark sector paradigm, and anomalies in data. This whitepaper describes the motivations, detection strategies, prospects and challenges for such searches, as well as synergies and complementarity both within RF6 and across HEP.
The complementarity of direct, indirect and collider searches for dark matter has improved our understanding concerning the properties of the dark matter particle. I will review the basic concepts that these methods rely upon and highlight what are the most important information they provide when it comes down to interpret the results in terms of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs). Later, I go over some of the latest results emphasizing the implications to dark matter theory in a broad sense and point out recent developments and prospects in the field.
New gauge symmetries often appear in theories beyond the Standard Model. Here we study a model where lepton number is promoted to a gauge symmetry. Anomaly cancellation requires the introduction of additional leptons, the lightest of which is a natural leptophilic dark matter candidate. We perform a comprehensive study of both collider and dark matter phenomenology. Furthermore we find that the model exhibits a first order lepton number breaking phase transition in large regions of parameter space. The corresponding gravitational wave signal is computed, and its detectability at LISA and other…
Scattering of light dark matter with sub-eV energy deposition can be detected with collective excitations in condensed matter systems. When dark matter has spin-independent couplings to atoms or ions, it has been shown to efficiently excite phonons. Here we show that, if dark matter couples to the electron spin, magnon excitations in materials with magnetic dipole order offer a promising detection path. We derive general formulae for single magnon excitation rates from dark matter scattering, and demonstrate as a proof of principle the projected reach of a yttrium iron garnet target for severa…
We use Swampland principles to theoretically disfavor regions of the parameter space of dark matter and other darkly charged particles that may exist. The Festina Lente bound, the analogue of the Weak-Gravity conjecture in de Sitter, places constraints on the mass and charge of dark particles, which here we show cover regions in parameter space that are currently allowed by observations. As a consequence, a broad set of new ultra-light particles are in the Swampland, independently of their cosmic abundance, showing the complementarity of Quantum Gravity limits with laboratory and astrophysical…
The weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) have been the most popular particle dark matter (DM) candidate for the last several decades, and it is well known that WIMP can be probed via the direct, indirect and collider experiments. However, the direct and indirect signals are highly suppressed in some scalar-mediated DM models, e.g. the lepton portal model with a Majorana DM candidate. As a result, collider searches are considered as the only hope to probe such models. In this white paper, we propose that the gravitational wave (GW) astronomy also serves as a powerful tool to probe such …
We study a simple TeV-scale model of baryon number violation which explains the observed proximity of the dark matter and baryon abundances. The model has constraints arising from both low and high-energy processes, and in particular, predicts a sizable rate for the neutron-antineutron ($n-\bar{n}$) oscillation at low energy and the monojet signal at the LHC. We find an interesting complementarity among the constraints arising from the observed baryon asymmetry, ratio of dark matter and baryon abundances, $n-\bar{n}$ oscillation lifetime and the LHC monojet signal. There are regions in the par…
From Origins to Observables: Distinguishing Dark Compact Objects with Population-Level Microlensing Signatures
Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos, The Pennsylvania State University（宇宙与引力研究所，宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University（物理系，宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
In this report we summarize the many dark matter searches currently being pursued through four complementary approaches: direct detection, indirect detection, collider experiments, and astrophysical probes. The essential features of broad classes of experiments are described, each with their own strengths and weaknesses. The complementarity of the different dark matter searches is discussed qualitatively and illustrated quantitatively in two simple theoretical frameworks. Our primary conclusion is that the diversity of possible dark matter candidates requires a balanced program drawing from al…
