中微子和反中微子穿过地球以解开中微子混合参数
Beaming neutrino and antineutrinos across the Earth to disentangle neutrino mixing parameters
摘要：
MINOS的结果似乎暗示了一个不同的反中微子质量分裂和混合角相对于中微子的，提供了一个线索的CPT破坏轻子部门。然而，最近的MINOS数据减少了中微子-反中微子的差异，导致一个狭窄的差异几乎与没有CPT破坏兼容，很难被解开。此外，最近几年OPERA对tau蛋白外观的研究仍未得到证实（一个独特的事件）。味μ子-τ混合、τ出现和最终CPT违反解纠缠都需要更多的工具来增强。在10 - 10 GeV（尚未公布）的深核大气μ子中微子谱和各向异性可以测试μ子-τ转换，但它们几乎不能揭示这种最后的微小MINOS CPT不对称性。我们展示了如何最长的基线中微子振荡，跨越地球直径的大部分，在一个OPERA类实验从欧洲核子研究中心（或费米实验室）ICECUBE深核中微子探测器在21 GeV的能量，可能在最好的解开，甚至最后一个微小的CPT违规（在6西格玛一年），而测试在最高速率的τ-antitau外观。我们建议μ子中微子消失或（对于任何CPT违规）部分反μ子外观在最长的距离。这样的调谐检测实验可能导致tau或抗tau产生的清晰和强烈的特征（即使在其中性电流噪声背景事件内）：每天几乎一个抗tau或两个tau。tau外观信号高于（或在）10西格玛一年，即使对于1%的OPERA类实验。利用深核-PINGU阵列探测器在6 GeV中微子能窗观测电子中微子簇射，也可以解决θ 13角检验和层次中微子质量检验的特殊组态问题。
英文摘要：
A MINOS result seemed to hint a different anti-neutrino mass splitting and mixing angle with respect to the neutrino ones, offering a hint for a CPT violation in lepton sector. However more recent MINOS data reduced the neutrino-antineutrino differences leading to a narrow discrepancy almost compatible with no CPT violation, hard to be disentangled. Moreover last a few years of OPERA activity on tau appearance is still un-probed (one unique event). Both flavor muon-tau mixing, tau appearance and eventual CPT violation disentanglement need more tools to be enhanced. Atmospheric muon neutrino spectra and anisotropy in Deep Core at ten-tens GeV (yet unpublished) may test the muon-tau conversion but they can hardly reveal such last tiny MINOS CPT asymmetry. We show how the longest baseline neutrino oscillation available, crossing most of the Earth diameter, within an OPERA-like experiment from CERN (or FERMILAB) to ICECUBE-Deep Core neutrino detector at 21 GeV energy, may at best disentangle even last tiny CPT violation (within 6 sigma a year) while testing at highest rate tau-antitau appearance. We propose the muon neutrino disappearance or (for any CPT violation) the partial anti-muon appearance at the longest distances. Such a tuned detection experiment may lead to a clear and strong signature of tau or anti-tau generation (even within its neutral current noise background events): nearly one antitau or two tau a day. The tau appearance signal is above (or within) 10 sigma a year, even for 1% OPERA-like experiment. Peculiar configurations for theta_13 angle test and hierarchy neutrino mass test may also be addressed by a Deep Core-PINGU array detector observing electron neutrino shower at 6 GeV neutrino energy windows.
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