宇宙微波背景温度的演化：一氧化碳激发的高红移TCMB的测量
The evolution of the Cosmic Microwave Background Temperature: Measurements of TCMB at high redshift from carbon monoxide excitation
摘要：
现代宇宙学的一个里程碑是对宇宙微波背景（CMB）的预测和偶然发现，CMB是宇宙早期演化阶段与物质脱钩后留下的辐射。标准热大爆炸模型的预测是宇宙微波背景辐射（TCMB）的黑体温度随红移线性增加。这种辐射激发了一些星际分子的旋转水平，包括一氧化碳（CO），它可以作为宇宙温度计。利用三个新的和两个以前报道的CO吸收线系统中检测到的类星体光谱进行了系统的调查，使用VLT/UVES，我们限制的演变TCMB到z~3。将我们的精确测量与之前的约束条件相结合，我们得到TCMB（z）=（2.725+/-0.002）x（1+z）^（1-beta）K，其中beta=-0.007+/-0.027，精度提高了两倍多。测量结果与标准的大爆炸模型（即绝热，β =0）一致，并对衰减的暗能量的有效状态方程（即w_eff=-0.996+/-0.025）提供了强有力的约束。
英文摘要：
A milestone of modern cosmology was the prediction and serendipitous discovery of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB), the radiation left over after decoupling from matter in the early evolutionary stages of the Universe. A prediction of the standard hot Big-Bang model is the linear increase with redshift of the black-body temperature of the CMB (TCMB). This radiation excites the rotational levels of some interstellar molecules, including carbon monoxide (CO), which can serve as cosmic thermometers. Using three new and two previously reported CO absorption-line systems detected in quasar spectra during a systematic survey carried out using VLT/UVES, we constrain the evolution of TCMB to z~3. Combining our precise measurements with previous constraints, we obtain TCMB(z)=(2.725+/-0.002)x(1+z)^(1-beta) K with beta=-0.007+/-0.027, a more than two-fold improvement in precision. The measurements are consistent with the standard (i.e. adiabatic, beta=0) Big-Bang model and provide a strong constraint on the effective equation of state of decaying dark energy (i.e. w_eff=-0.996+/-0.025).
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