曲面n体问题的多边形单应轨道
Polygonal Homographic Orbits of the Curved n-Body Problem
摘要：
在常曲率空间$κ\ne 0$中的$2$维$n$体问题$n\ge 3$中，我们研究了多边形单应解.我们首先提供这些轨道存在的充要条件，然后考虑正多边形的情况。我们进一步使用这个准则表明，对于任何$n\ge 3$，正则$n$ -gon是多边形单应轨道当且仅当所有的质量是相等的。在不等边三角形情形下，证明了$n=3$在曲率球$κ>0$上非等质量相对平衡的存在性.这样的三角形相对平衡只发生在固定的测地线上，并且是从球体的不动点产生的。最后，通过对等腰情况的分类，证明了任何三个质量都不能形成三角形的相对平衡。
英文摘要：
In the $2$-dimensional $n$-body problem, $n\ge 3$, in spaces of constant curvature, $κ\ne 0$, we study polygonal homographic solutions. We first provide necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of these orbits and then consider the case of regular polygons. We further use this criterion to show that, for any $n\ge 3$, the regular $n$-gon is a polygonal homographic orbit if and only if all masses are equal. Then we prove the existence of relative equilibria of non-equal masses on the sphere of curvature $κ>0$ for $n=3$ in the case of scalene triangles. Such triangular relative equilibria occur only along fixed geodesics and are generated from fixed points of the sphere. Finally, through a classification of the isosceles case, we prove that not any three masses can form a triangular relative equilibrium.
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