座谈会。量子涨落关系：基础与应用
Colloquium. Quantum Fluctuation Relations: Foundations and Applications
摘要：
两个基本成分在涨落关系的基础中起着决定性的作用：微观可逆性原理和热平衡由吉布斯正则系综描述的事实。在这两个支柱的基础上，我们引导读者通过量子涨落关系的理论和应用的独立阐述。这些精确的结果构成了非平衡态热力学超越线性响应机制的最新发展的支点。材料的组织方式强调量子涨落关系和（非）线性响应理论之间的历史联系。我们还试图澄清一些在以前的文献中没有完全解决的基本问题。主要重点是（i）瞬态驱动的封闭或开放量子系统的工作波动关系，以及（ii）量子输运设置中的热量和物质交换的波动关系。最近执行和建议的实验应用程序进行了介绍和讨论。
英文摘要：
Two fundamental ingredients play a decisive role in the foundation of fluctuation relations: the principle of microreversibility and the fact that thermal equilibrium is described by the Gibbs canonical ensemble. Building on these two pillars we guide the reader through a self-contained exposition of the theory and applications of quantum fluctuation relations. These are exact results that constitute the fulcrum of the recent development of nonequilibrium thermodynamics beyond the linear response regime. The material is organized in a way that emphasizes the historical connection between quantum fluctuation relations and (non)-linear response theory. We also attempt to clarify a number of fundamental issues which were not completely settled in the prior literature. The main focus is on (i) work fluctuation relations for transiently driven closed or open quantum systems, and (ii) on fluctuation relations for heat and matter exchange in quantum transport settings. Recently performed and proposed experimental applications are presented and discussed.
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