Studies on the large scale peer-to-peer (P2P) network like Gnutella have shown the presence of large number of free riders. Moreover, the open and decentralized nature of P2P network is exploited by malicious users who distribute unauthentic or harmful contents. Despite the existence of a number of trust management schemes in the literature for combating against free riding and distribution of malicious files, these mechanisms are not scalable due to their high computational, communication and storage overhead. These schemes also do not consider effect of trust management on quality-of-service (QoS) of the search. This paper presents a trust management scheme for P2P networks that minimizes distribution of spurious files by a novel technique called topology adaptation. It also reduces search time since most of the queries are resolved within the community of trustworthy peers. Simulation results indicate that the trust management overhead due to the pr oposed mechanism decreases considerably as the network topology stabilizes. The mechanism is also found to be robust even in presence of a large percentage of malicious peers.
Nowadays we are faced with an increasing popularity of social software including wikis, blogs, micro-blogs and online social networks such as Facebook and MySpace. Unfortunately, the mostly used social services are centralized and personal information is stored at a single vendor. This results in potential privacy problems as users do not have much control over how their private data is disseminated. To overcome this limitation, some recent approaches envisioned replacing the single authority centralization of services by a peer-to-peer trust-based approach where users can decide with whom the…
Sensor networks and Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are key components for the development of the Internet of Things. These networks are subject of two kinds of constraints. Adaptability by the mean of mutability and evolutivity, and constrained node resources such as energy consumption, computational complexity or memory usage. In this context, none of the existing protocols and models allows reliable peer authentication and trust level management. In the field of virtual economic transactions, Bitcoin has proposed a new decentralized and evolutive way to model and acknowledge trust and data v…
Online trust systems are playing an important role in to-days world and face various challenges in building them. Billions of dollars of products and services are traded through electronic commerce, files are shared among large peer-to-peer networks and smart contracts can potentially replace paper contracts with digital contracts. These systems rely on trust mechanisms in peer-to-peer networks like reputation systems or a trustless public ledger. In most cases, reputation systems are build to determine the trustworthiness of users and to provide incentives for users to make a fair contributio…
Peer-to-Peer systems are based on the concept of resources localization and mutualisation in dynamic context. In specific environment such as mobile networks, characterized by high variability and dynamicity of network conditions and performances, where nodes can join and leave the network dynamically, resources reliability and availability constitute a critical issue. The resource discovery problem arises in the context of peer to peer (P2P) networks, where at any point of time a peer may be placed at or removed from any location over a general purpose network. Locating a resource or service …
Our social interactions mainly depend on the social phenomenon called trust. We evaluate our trust in our peer to decide whether to start an interaction or not. When our information about the peer is not sufficient, we use the knowledge of others. This knowledge can also be referred to as the reputation of the peer in the community. Like real-life communities, trust and reputation play a key role in virtual communities, too. These two notions help us overcome the complex interactions between agents in virtual communities. In previous studies regarding this topic, the social aspect of trust and…
Honest cooperation among individuals in a network can be achieved in different ways. In online networks with some kind of central authority, such as Ebay, Airbnb, etc. honesty is achieved through a reputation system, which is maintained and secured by the central authority. These systems usually rely on review mechanisms, through which agents can evaluate the trustworthiness of their interaction partners. These reviews are stored centrally and are tamper-proof. In decentralized peer-to-peer networks, enforcing cooperation turns out to be more difficult. One way of approaching this problem is b…
Spam mitigation can be broadly classified into two main approaches: a) centralized security infrastructures that rely on a limited number of trusted monitors to detect and report malicious traffic; and b) highly distributed systems that leverage the experiences of multiple nodes within distinct trust domains. The first approach offers limited threat coverage and slow response times, and it is often proprietary. The second approach is not widely adopted, partly due to the lack of guarantees regarding the trustworthiness of nodes that comprise the system. Our proposal, SocialFilter, aims to achi…
Cloud computing has been attracting the attention of several researchers both in the academia and the industry as it provides many opportunities for organizations by offering a range of computing services. For cloud computing to become widely adopted by both the enterprises and individuals, several issues have to be solved. A key issue that needs special attention is security of clouds, and trust management is an important component of cloud security. In this paper, the authors look at what trust is and how trust has been applied in distributed computing. Trust models proposed for various dist…
With society's increased dependence on information communication systems, the need for dependable, trustable, robust, and secure adaptive systems becomes ever more acute. Modern autonomic message-oriented middleware platforms have stringent requirements for self-healing, adapting, evolving, fault-tolerance, security, and active vulnerability assessment, especially when the internal working model of a system and the environmental influences on the system are uncertain during run-time. In this paper, we present an adaptive and evolving security approach, and adaptive trust management approach to…
The salient features of blockchain, such as decentralisation and transparency, have allowed the development of Decentralised Trust and Reputation Management Systems (DTRMS), which mainly aim to quantitatively assess the trustworthiness of the network participants and help to protect the network from adversaries. In the literature, proposals of DTRMS have been applied to various Cyber-physical Systems (CPS) applications, including supply chains, smart cities and distributed energy trading. In this chapter, we outline the building blocks of a generic DTRMS and discuss how it can benefit from blo…
There has been tremendous interest in the development of formal trust models and metrics through the use of analytics (e.g., Belief Theory and Bayesian models), logics (e.g., Epistemic and Subjective Logic) and other mathematical models. The choice of trust metric will depend on context, circumstance and user requirements and there is no single best metric for use in all circumstances. Where different users require different trust metrics to be employed the trust score calculations should still be based on all available trust evidence. Trust is normally computed using past experiences but, in …
Online social networks, such as Facebook and twitter, are a growing phenomenon in today's world, with various platforms providing capabilities for individuals to collaborate through messaging and chatting as well as sharing of content such as videos and photos. Most, if not all, of these platforms are based on centralized computing systems, meaning that the control and management of the systems lies in the hand of one provider, which must be trusted to treat the data and communication traces securely. While users aim for privacy and data sovereignty, often the providers aim to monetize the dat…
This chapter presents: (i) a layered peer-to-peer Cloud provisioning architecture; (ii) a summary of the current state-of-the-art in Cloud provisioning with particular emphasis on service discovery and load-balancing; (iii) a classification of the existing peer-to-peer network management model with focus on extending the DHTs for indexing and managing complex provisioning information; and (iv) the design and implementation of novel, extensible software fabric (Cloud peer) that combines public/private clouds, overlay networking and structured peer-to-peer indexing techniques for supporting scal…
MIX has recently been proposed as a new sensor scheme with better energy management for data-gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks. However, it is not known how it performs when some of the sensors carry out sinkhole attacks. In this paper, we propose a variant of MIX with adjunct computational trust management to limit the impact of such sinkhole attacks. We evaluate how MIX resists sinkhole attacks with and without computational trust management. The main result of this paper is to find that MIX is very vulnerable to sinkhole attacks but that the adjunct trust management efficiently reduces …
We design and analyze the performance of a redundancy management mechanism for Peer-to-Peer backup applications. Armed with the realization that a backup system has peculiar requirements -- namely, data is read over the network only during restore processes caused by data loss -- redundancy management targets data durability rather than attempting to make each piece of information availabile at any time. In our approach each peer determines, in an on-line manner, an amount of redundancy sufficient to counter the effects of peer deaths, while preserving acceptable data restore times. Our experi…
Trust is arguably the most important challenge for critical services both deployed as well as accessed remotely over the network. These systems are exposed to a wide diversity of threats, ranging from bugs to exploits, active attacks, rogue operators, or simply careless administrators. To protect such applications, one needs to guarantee that they are properly configured and securely provisioned with the "secrets" (e.g., encryption keys) necessary to preserve not only the confidentiality, integrity and freshness of their data but also their code. Furthermore, these secrets should not be kept u…
There has been considerable advancement in the use of blockchain for trust management in large-scale dynamic systems. In such systems, blockchain is mainly used to store the trust score or trust-related information of interactions among the various entities. However, present trust management architectures using blockchain lack verifiable interactions among the entities on which the trust score is calculated. In this paper, we propose a blockchain-based trust management framework that allows independent trust providers to implement different trust metrics on a common set of trust evidence and p…
Grid and peer-to-peer (P2P) networks are two ideal technologies for file sharing. A P2P grid is a special case of grid networks in which P2P communications are used for communication between nodes and trust management. Use of this technology allows creation of a network with greater distribution and scalability. Semantic grids have appeared as an expansion of grid networks in which rich resource metadata are revealed and clearly handled. In a semantic P2P grid, nodes are clustered into different groups based on the semantic similarities between their services. This paper proposes a reputation …
Evidential Trust-Aware Model Personalization in Decentralized Federated Learning for Wearable IoT
Quantum Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (qCLOUDS) Lab（量子云计算与分布式系统实验室）；School of Computing and Information Systems（计算与信息系统学院）；The University of Melbourne, Australia（墨尔本大学）
Platform virtualization helps solving major grid computing challenges: share resource with flexible, user-controlled and custom execution environments and in the meanwhile, isolate failures and malicious code. Grid resource management tools will evolve to embrace support for virtual resource. We present two open source projects that transparently supply virtual execution environments. Tycoon has been developed at HP Labs to optimise resource usage in creating an economy where users bid to access virtual machines and compete for CPU cycles. SmartDomains provides a peer-to-peer layer that automa…
The old mantra of decentralizing the Internet is coming again with fanfare, this time around the blockchain technology hype. We have already seen a technology supposed to change the nature of the Internet: peer-to-peer. The reality is that peer-to-peer naming systems failed, peer-to-peer social networks failed, and yes, peer-to-peer storage failed as well. In this paper, we will review the research on distributed systems in the last few years to identify the limits of open peer-to-peer networks. We will address issues like system complexity, security and frailty, instability and performance. W…
Trust is a fundamental concept in large-scale distributed systems like the Internet of Things (IoT). Trust helps to resolve choices into a decision. However, the trust calculation depends on the amount of uncertainty present in data sources. Trust in an IoT network is proportional to the amount of uncertainty generated by such sources as hardware malfunctions, network stability, adversarial issues, and the nature of data exchanged between the entities. The relationship between trust and uncertainty warrants approaches designed to maximize the former quality whilst minimizing the latter. Unfort…
Virtual topologies in peer-to-peer networks can reduce the traffic consumed by altering the logical connectivity of peers without altering the underlying network. However, such sparsely connected virtual topologies do not focus on the needs for smart grid applications, which is information dissemination throughout the network, and in turn degrade the performance of distributed control algorithms running on peer-to-peer networks. This paper provides a flexible solution for application developers to prototype and deploy different virtual topologies that balances these trade-offs. First, it intro…
Panipat Institute of Engineering and Technology（帕尼帕特工程技术学院）
The core of the computer business now offers subscription-based on-demand services with the help of cloud computing. We may now share resources among multiple users by using virtualization, which creates a virtual instance of a computer system running in an abstracted hardware layer. It provides infinite computing capabilities through its massive cloud datacenters, in contrast to early distributed computing models, and has been incredibly popular in recent years because to its continually growing infrastructure, user base, and hosted data volume. This article suggests a conceptual framework fo…
An unprecedented information wealth produced by online social networks, further augmented by location/collocation data, is currently fragmented across different proprietary services. Combined, it can accurately represent the social world and enable novel socially-aware applications. We present Prometheus, a socially-aware peer-to-peer service that collects social information from multiple sources into a multigraph managed in a decentralized fashion on user-contributed nodes, and exposes it through an interface implementing non-trivial social inferences while complying with user-defined access …
