电子的同一性和电离平衡
Identity of electrons and ionization equilibrium
摘要：
在纪念Meghnad Saha开创性论文（1920年）发表90周年之际，新的发展应该引起人们对气体电离平衡问题的新的关注，这也许是合适的。电离平衡被认为是在最简单的“物理”模型的电子子系统的物质在一个稀薄的状态，包括一个本地化的电子状态在每个核和离域电子状态被认为是自由的。结果表明，尽管定性的协议，有一个显着的定量差异，从应用萨哈公式的电离度的结果。这是由于萨哈公式对应于物质的“化学”模型。
英文摘要：
It is perhaps appropriate that, in a year marking the 90th anniversary of Meghnad Saha seminal paper (1920), new developments should call fresh attention to the problem of ionization equilibrium in gases. Ionization equilibrium is considered in the simplest "physical" model for an electronic subsystem of matter in a rarefied state, consisting of one localized electronic state in each nucleus and delocalized electronic states considered as free ones. It is shown that, despite the qualitative agreement, there is a significant quantitative difference from the results of applying the Saha formula to the degree of ionization. This is caused by the fact that the Saha formula corresponds to the "chemical" model of matter.
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