单车道公路交通的弹簧-块体模型
Spring-block model for a single-lane highway traffic
摘要：
考虑一个简单的一维弹簧-块链的非对称相互作用模型的理想化单车道公路交通。该系统的主要元素是块（模拟汽车），单向相互作用的弹簧（模拟邻居之间的距离保持相互作用），静态和动态摩擦（模拟驾驶员和汽车的惯性）以及这些摩擦力值的时空无序（模拟驾驶态度的差异）。汽车的行走链对应于牵引弹簧-滑块系统。我们对spring-block链的统计分析预测了一个非平凡和丰富的复杂行为。作为系统中的无序水平的函数，观察到动态相变。对于低的无序水平不相关的滑动块揭示，而高的无序水平相关的雪崩占主导地位。
英文摘要：
A simple one-dimensional spring-block chain with asymmetric interactions is considered to model an idealized single-lane highway traffic. The main elements of the system are blocks (modeling cars), springs with unidirectional interactions (modeling distance keeping interactions between neighbors), static and kinetic friction (modeling inertia of drivers and cars) and spatiotemporal disorder in the values of these friction forces (modeling differences in the driving attitudes). The traveling chain of cars correspond to the dragged spring-block system. Our statistical analysis for the spring-block chain predicts a non-trivial and rich complex behavior. As a function of the disorder level in the system a dynamic phase-transition is observed. For low disorder levels uncorrelated slidings of blocks are revealed while for high disorder levels correlated avalanches dominates.
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