利用印度月球探测器Chandrayaan-1上的SARA实验研究月球-太阳风相互作用
Studying the Lunar-Solar Wind Interaction with the SARA Experiment aboard the Indian Lunar Mission Chandrayaan-1
摘要：
2008年10月22日，印度发射了第一个月球飞行任务Chandrayaan-1。Chandrayaan-1上的亚千电子伏原子反射分析仪（SARA）仪器由一个名为CENA（Chandrayaan-1能量中性分析仪）的能量中性原子（ENA）成像质量分析仪和一个名为SWIM（太阳风监测仪）的离子质量分析仪组成。CENA进行了有史以来第一次实验，通过探测溅射的中性原子和中和后向散射的太阳风质子，在~0.01-3.0 keV的能量范围内，研究太阳风与行星表面的相互作用。SWIM测量太阳风离子，磁鞘和磁尾离子，以及从月球表面散射的离子在~0.01-15 keV的能量范围。中性原子传感器利用进入的中性粒子转化为正离子，然后通过表面相互作用技术进行分析。离子质量分析仪基于类似的原理。本文介绍了SARA仪器和SWIM和CENA传感器获得的第一批结果。SARA的观测表明，大约20%的入射太阳风质子以中性氢的形式反向散射，约1%的质子以月球表面的形式反向散射。这些发现对太阳系中其他无空气的天体有着重要的意义。
英文摘要：
The first Indian lunar mission Chandrayaan-1 was launched on 22 October 2008. The Sub-keV Atom Reflecting Analyzer (SARA) instrument onboard Chandrayaan-1 consists of an energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging mass analyzer called CENA (Chandrayaan-1 Energetic Neutrals Analyzer), and an ion-mass analyzer called SWIM (Solar wind Monitor). CENA performed the first ever experiment to study the solar wind-planetary surface interaction via detection of sputtered neutral atoms and neutralized backscattered solar wind protons in the energy range ~0.01-3.0 keV. SWIM measures solar wind ions, magnetosheath and magnetotail ions, as well as ions scattered from lunar surface in the ~0.01-15 keV energy range. The neutral atom sensor uses conversion of the incoming neutrals to positive ions, which are then analyzed via surface interaction technique. The ion mass analyzer is based on similar principle. This paper presents the SARA instrument and the first results obtained by the SWIM and CENA sensors. SARA observations suggest that about 20% of the incident solar wind protons are backscattered as neutral hydrogen and ~1% as protons from the lunar surface. These findings have important implications for other airless bodies in the solar system.
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