与费米GBM航天器探测器有关的太阳耀斑在海平面产生的μ子过剩
Muon excess at sea level from solar flares in association with the Fermi GBM spacecraft detector
摘要：
本文介绍了一个正在进行的调查结果之间的关联在地面水平的μ介子过剩登记的Tupi望远镜和瞬态太阳事件，两个太阳耀斑的伽马射线和X射线的排放分别报告，费米GBM和GOES 14。我们表明，小规模的太阳耀斑，那些与即时的X射线发射分类为GOES的C类（功率$10^{-6}$，以$10^{-5}$ W m $^2$在1 AU）可能会引起μ子过剩可能与太阳质子和离子发射的耀斑和到达地球作为一个相干粒子脉冲。图皮望远镜位于南大西洋异常（SAA）的中心区域，这使得粒子探测器能够对初级和次级带电粒子（$\geq 0.1$ GV）实现低刚性响应。在这里，我们认为一个“无标度”的能量分布粒子加速的太阳耀斑的可能性。大尺度耀斑和小尺度耀斑在能量超过π介子产生之前具有相同的能谱，它们之间的区别只是强度。如果这一假设是正确的，图皮望远镜正在记录质子（离子）产生的μ子，其能量对应于光谱的尾部。因此，所发射的质子的能量分布必须是幂律谱，因为幂律分布被表征为无标度分布。图皮事件支持了这一猜想。
英文摘要：
This paper presents results of an ongoing survey on the associations between muon excesses at ground level registered by the Tupi telescopes and transient solar events, two solar flares whose gamma-ray and X-ray emissions were reported by, respectively, the Fermi GBM and the GOES 14. We show that solar flares of small scale, those with prompt X-ray emission classified by GOES as C-Class (power $10^{-6}$ to $10^{-5}$ W m$^2$ at 1 AU) may give rise to muon excess probably associated with solar protons and ions emitted by the flare and arriving at the Earth as a coherent particle pulse. The Tupi telescopes are within the central region of the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA), which allows particle detectors to achieve a low rigidity of response to primary and secondary charged particles ($\geq 0.1$ GV). Here we argue for the possibility of a "scale-free" energy distribution of particles accelerated by solar flares. Large and small scale flares have the same energy spectrum up to energies exceeding the pion production, the difference between them is only the intensity. If this hypothesis is correct, the Tupi telescope is registering muons produced by protons (ions) whose energy corresponds to the tail of the spectrum. Consequently the energy distribution of the emitted protons has to be a power law spectrum, since power law distributions are characterized as scale free distributions. The Tupi events give support to this conjecture.
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