南非Mapungubwe山和k2考古遗址出土玻璃珠的拉曼光谱数据库
Raman spectra database of the glass beads excavated on mapungubwe hill and k2, two archaeological sites in South Africa
摘要：
在南非林波波河流域的考古遗址Mapungubwe山上和K2挖掘出的数千颗珠子中，选择了大约200颗彩色玻璃珠（红色、黄色、绿色、蓝色、白色、黑色、粉红色、李子色），并用拉曼散射进行了研究。根据其拉曼特征将珠的玻璃基质分为3个主要亚组，并且也可以识别腐蚀的玻璃。至少有七种不同的发色团或颜料（青金石、铅锡黄II型、砷酸钙/铅、铬酸盐、锑酸钙、Fe-S“琥珀”和尖晶石）已被确定。许多颜料是在13世纪之后才制造的，这证实了考古记录中现代珠子的存在。这需要进一步的研究，以找到一种方法来协调山的碳测年，目前给出的最后一个占领日期为公元1280年与现代珠子在山上挖掘的物理证据。
英文摘要：
About two hundred coloured glass beads (red, yellow, green, blue, white, black, pink, plum) were selected among the thousands of beads excavated on Mapungubwe hill and at K2, archaeological sites in the Limpopo valley South Africa, and have been studied with Raman scattering. The glass matrix of the beads was classified according to its Raman signature into 3 main sub-groups and corroded glass could also be identified. At least seven different chromophores or pigments (lazurite, lead tin yellow type II, Ca/Pb arsenate, chromate, calcium antimonate, Fe-S "amber" and a spinel) have been identified. Many of the pigments were only manufactured after the 13th century that confirms the presence of modern beads in the archaeological record. This calls for further research to find a way to reconcile the carbon dating of the hill, which currently gives the last occupation date on the hill as 1280 AD with the physical evidence of the modern beads excavated on the hill.
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