中微子的放射性探测
Radiodetection of Neutrinos
摘要：
尽管经过100年的努力，我们对超高能宇宙射线的起源仍然知之甚少。当能量超过$4\times 10^{19}$ eV的宇宙射线质子与宇宙微波背景辐射相互作用时，或者在中微子源中，对中微子的观测将告诉我们很多关于这些粒子的起源和组成的信息。在过去的十年里，许多实验都在寻找EHE中微子与南极或格陵兰的冰或月球相互作用时产生的带电粒子簇射发射的无线电波。这些实验尚未观测到中微子信号。现在有两个研究小组正在提议用无线电天线对南极冰层上100公里长的$^3$进行探测，从而制造出一个足够大的探测器，在几年的运行中可以观测到清晰的EHE中微子信号。
英文摘要：
Despite 100 years of effort, we still know very little about the origin of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. The observation of neutrinos produced when cosmic-ray protons with energies above $4\times 10^{19}$ eV interact with the cosmic microwave background radiation, or in the neutrino sources, would tell us much about the origin and composition of these particles. Over the past decade, many experiments have searched for radio waves emitted from the charged particle showers produced when EHE neutrinos interact with Antarctic or Greenland ice or the moon. These experiments have not yet observed a neutrino signal. Two groups are now proposing to instrument 100 km$^3$ of Antarctic ice with radio antennas, producing a detector large enough to observe a clear EHE neutrino signal in a few years of operation.
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