光晶格中原子的腔辅助磁共振显微术
Cavity-aided magnetic-resonance microscopy of atoms in optical lattices
摘要：
磁共振成像（MRI）是研究物理系统微观特性和动力学的有力技术。在这项工作中，我们展示了状态敏感的磁共振超冷原子在光晶格。单次空间分辨率为120 nm，远低于晶格间距，并且对于单个位点上的150个原子，数量灵敏度为+/-2.4，远低于泊松原子数波动。我们实现了这一点，通过结合高空间分辨率的控制原子自旋使用原子芯片，连同近量子限制的自旋测量，通过色散耦合的原子在一个高精细光学腔中的光。MRI对原子内部状态的破坏最小，为后续实验保留了气体的磁化强度。使用这种技术，我们观察到的非平衡输运动力学的原子之间的个别晶格位置。我们看到原子云最初以弹道方式膨胀，随后开始相互作用抑制的运输。
英文摘要：
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful technique for investigating the microscopic properties and dynamics of physical systems. In this work we demonstrate state-sensitive MRI of ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. Single-shot spatial resolution is 120 nm, well below the lattice spacing, and number sensitivity is +/-2.4 for 150 atoms on a single site, well below Poissonian atom-number fluctuations. We achieve this by combining high-spatial-resolution control over the atomic spin using an atom chip, together with nearly quantum-limited spin measurement, obtained by dispersively coupling the atoms to light in a high-finesse optical cavity. The MRI is minimally disruptive of the atoms' internal state, preserving the magnetisation of the gas for subsequent experiments. Using this technique, we observe the nonequilibrium transport dynamics of the atoms among individual lattice sites. We see the atom cloud initially expand ballistically, followed by the onset of interaction-inhibited transport.
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