麦克斯韦方程组的伽利略极限
The Galilean limits of Maxwell's equations
摘要：
我们表明，如果麦克斯韦方程以独立于特定单位的形式表示，则至少可以提取三个伽利略极限。电磁极限可以看作是非相对论极限，因为它们是用条件$|\bf{v}| \ll c$和对源和场的大小的限制得到的。第三个极限称为瞬时极限，通过令$c\to \infty$引入。电极限和瞬时极限具有相同的形式，但它们的解释是不同的，因为瞬时极限不能被认为是非相对论极限。我们强调光速$c$在麦克斯韦方程组中所起的双重作用。
英文摘要：
We show that if Maxwell's equations are expressed in a form independent of specific units, at least three Galilean limits can be extracted. The electric and magnetic limits can be regarded as nonrelativistic limits because they are obtained using the condition $|\bf{v}| \ll c$ and restrictions on the magnitudes of the sources and fields. The third limit is called the instantaneous limit and is introduced by letting $c\to \infty$. The electric and instantaneous limits have the same form, but their interpretation is different because the instantaneous limit cannot be considered as a nonrelativistic limit. We emphasize the double role that the speed of light $c$ plays in Maxwell's equations.
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