Based on the characteristics of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) and the MRI-driven turbulence, we construct a steady model for a geometrically thin disk using "non-standard" $α$-prescription. The efficiency of the angular momentum transport depends on the magnetic Prandtl number, $Pm = ν/η$, where $ν$ and $η$ are the microscopic viscous and magnetic diffusivities. In our disk model, Shakura-Sunyaev's $α$-parameter has a power-law dependence on the magnetic Prandtl number, that is $α\propto Pm^δ$ where $δ$ is the constant power-law index. Adopting Spitzer's microscopic diffusivities, the magnetic Prandtl number becomes a decreasing function of the disk radius when $δ> 0$. The transport efficiency of the angular momentum and the viscous heating rate are thus smaller in the outer part of the disk, while these are impacted by the size of index $δ$. We find that the disk becomes more unstable to the gravitational instability for a larger value of index $δ$. The most remarkable feature of our disk model is that the thermal and secular instabilities can grow in its middle part even if the radiation pressure is negligibly small in the condition $δ> 2/3$. In the realistic disk systems, it would be difficult to maintain the steady mass accretion state unless the $Pm$-dependence of MRI-driven turbulence is relatively weak.
Origin of nonlinearity and plausible turbulence by hydromagnetic transient growth in accretion disks: Faster growth rate than magnetorotational instability
The effect of large magnetic Prandtl number $\text{Pm}$ (the ratio of viscosity to resistivity) on the turbulent transport and energetics of the magnetorotational instability (MRI) is poorly understood, despite the realization of this regime in astrophysical environments as disparate as discs from binary neutron star mergers, the inner regions of low mass X-ray binaries and active galactic nuclei, and the interiors of protoneutron stars. We investigate the MRI dynamo and associated turbulence in the regime $\text{Pm}>1$ by carrying out fully compressible, 3D MHD shearing box simulations using …
We develop the theoretical model for the analytic description of hydrodynamic jets from protostellar disks employing the Beltrami-Bernoulli flow configuration of disk-jet structure. For this purpose we extend the standard turbulent viscosity prescription and derive several classes of analytic solutions using the flow parametrization in self-similar variables. Derived solutions describe the disk-jet structure, where for the first time jet properties are analytically linked with the properties of the accretion disk flow. The ratio of the jet ejection and disk accretion velocities is controlled b…
We investigate the stability of a neutrino-dominated accretion flow (NDAF), which is expected to be formed in the gravitational collapse of a massive star or the merger of a neutron star binary, based on the variable-$α$ prescription. Recent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations shows that the viscosity parameter $α$ is proportional to the power of the magnetic Prandtl number ${\rm Pm}=ν/η$, where $ν$ and $η$ are the kinematic viscosity and electric resistivity of the fluid, respectively. In the inner region of a hyperaccretion flow, the viscosity and resistivity are carried by mildly, relativ…
Fast magnetic reconnection events can play an important role in accretion disk systems. A potential model to explain the non-thermal very-high-energy (VHE) emission (from GeV to TeV) observed in black-hole binaries (BHBs) and Active Galatic Nuclei (AGNs) can be attributed to fast magnetic reconnection induced in the turbulent corona of accretion disks and/or jets. In this work, we will discuss the results of global general relativistic MHD (GRMHD) simulations of accretion disks around black holes, whose turbulence is naturally driven by MHD instabilities, such as the magnetorotational instabil…
We investigate the effects of subsonic turbulence on a normal mode of oscillation [a possible origin of the high-frequency quasi-periodic oscillations (HFQPOs) within some black hole accretion disks]. We consider perturbations of a time-dependent background (steady state disk plus turbulence), obtaining an oscillator equation with stochastic damping, (mildly) nonlinear restoring, and stochastic driving forces. The (long-term) mean values of our turbulent functions vanish. In particular, turbulence does not damp the oscillation modes, so `turbulent viscosity' is not operative. However, the freq…
We present a systematic shearing-box investigation of MRI-driven turbulence in a weakly collisional plasma by including the effects of an anisotropic pressure stress, i.e. anisotropic (Braginskii) viscosity. We constrain the pressure anisotropy ($Δp$) to lie within the stability bounds that would be otherwise imposed by kinetic microinstabilities. We explore a broad region of parameter space by considering different Reynolds numbers and magnetic-field configurations, including net vertical flux, net toroidal-vertical flux and zero net flux. Remarkably, we find that the level of turbulence and …
Convection has been discussed in the field of accretion discs for several decades, both as a means of angular momentum transport and also because of its role in controlling discs' vertical structure via heat transport. If the gas is sufficiently ionized and threaded by a weak magnetic field, convection might interact in non-trivial ways with the magnetorotational instability (MRI). Recently, vertically stratified local simulations of the MRI have reported considerable variation in the angular momentum transport, as measured by the stress to thermal pressure ratio $α$, when convection is though…
We present two-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of the fully kinetic collisionless magnetorotational instability (MRI) in weakly magnetized (high $β$) pair plasma. The central result of this numerical analysis is the emergence of a self-induced turbulent regime in the saturation state of the collisionless MRI, which can only be captured for large enough simulation domains. One of the underlying mechanisms for the development of this turbulent state is the drift-kink instability (DKI) of the current sheets resulting from the nonlinear evolution of the channel modes. The onset of t…
Global simulations of accretion flows onto perturbers embedded in magnetized disks -I. MRI and jet formation in ideal MHD
Charles University(查理大学);Instituto de Astronomía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学天文研究所);Niels Bohr International Academy, Niels Bohr Institute(尼尔斯·玻尔国际学院,尼尔斯·玻尔研究所)
The classical alpha-disc model assumes that the turbulent stress scales linearly with -- and responds instantaneously to -- the pressure. It is likely, however, that the stress possesses a non-negligible relaxation time and will lag behind the pressure on some timescale. To measure the size of this lag we carry out unstratified 3D magnetohydrodynamic shearing box simulations with zero-net-magnetic-flux using the finite-volume code PLUTO. We impose thermal oscillations of varying periods via a cooling term, which in turn drives oscillations in the turbulent stress. Our simulations reveal that t…
The generation of spiral density waves by MRI in accretion discs
Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf(德累斯顿-罗斯多夫亥姆霍兹中心);Abastumani Astrophysical Observatory(阿巴斯图马尼天文台);Faculty of Exact and Natural Sciences, Tbilisi State University(第比利斯国立大学理学院);LyRIDS, ECE-Paris Engineering School(巴黎ECE工程学院LyRIDS);LUTH, UMR 8102 CNRS, Observatoire de Paris-Meudon(巴黎-默东天文台CNRS联合研究实验室)
The mechanism of turbulent viscosity is the central question in investigations of turbulence. This is also the case in the accretion disk theory, where turbulence is considered to be responsible for the outward transport of angular momentum in the accretion disk. In turbulent flows, vortices transport momentum over their length scales providing the mechanism of viscosity that is controlled by mass entrainment. We have earlier proposed an entrainment model for the particular case of the relativistic jets in the radio galaxy 3C31. In this paper, we further constrain the model parameters. The mod…
Astrophysical disks are likely embedded in an ambient vertical magnetic field. This ambient field is known to drive magneto-rotational turbulence in the disk bulk but is also responsible for the launching of magnetized outflows at the origin of astrophysical jets. The vertical structure and long-term (secular) evolution of such a system lack quantitative predictions. It is nevertheless this secular evolution that is proposed to explain time variability in many accreting systems such as X-ray binaries. We compute and analyze global 3D ideal-MHD simulations of an accretion disk threaded by a lar…
We use 2D (axisymmetric) and 3D hydrodynamic simulations to study Bondi-Hoyle-Lyttleton (BHL) accretion with and without transverse upstream gradients. We mainly focus on the regime of high (upstream) Mach number, weak upstream gradients and small accretor size, which is relevant to neutron star (NS) accretion in wind-fed Supergiant X-ray binaries (SgXBs). We present a systematic exploration of the flow in this regime. When there are no upstream gradients, the flow is always stable regardless of accretor size or Mach number. For finite upstream gradients, there are three main types of behavior…