具有自组织临界性的合作的出现
Emergence of cooperation with self-organized criticality
摘要：
合作和自组织临界性是当前进化研究中的两个关键词。我们提出了一个广义的Bak-Sneppen模型，并提供了一个自然的机制，同时占这两种现象。我们用囚徒困境博弈来模拟群体成员之间的互动。每个成员由其合作概率确定，其适应度由邻居的收益给出。具有最小收益的最不适合成员被具有随机合作概率的新成员替换。当最不适合的成员的邻居也被替换为非零概率时，出现了强合作。Bak-Sneppen过程建立了一个自组织结构，使得即使在参数区域中，均匀或随机的种群减少了合作者的数量，也可以出现合作。合作的出现是由于相同的动力学相关性，导致自组织临界性的替代活动。
英文摘要：
Cooperation and self-organized criticality are two main keywords in current studies of evolution. We propose a generalized Bak-Sneppen model and provide a natural mechanism which accounts for both phenomena simultaneously. We use the prisoner's dilemma games to mimic the interactions among the members of the population. Each member is identified by its cooperation probability, and its fitness is given by the payoffs from neighbors. The least fit member with the minimum payoff is replaced by a new member with a random cooperation probability. When the neighbors of the least fit member are also replaced with a non-zero probability, a strong cooperation emerges. The Bak-Sneppen process builds a self-organized structure so that the cooperation can emerge even in the parameter region where a uniform or random population decreases the number of cooperators. The emergence of cooperation is due to the same dynamical correlation which leads to self-organized criticality in replacement activities.
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