A simple method for constructing effective Hamiltonians for the 4fN and 4fN-15d energy levels of lanthanide ions in crystals from quantum-chemical calculations is presented. The method is demonstrated by deriving crystal-field and spin-orbit parameters for Ce3+ ions doped in LiYF4, Cs2NaYCl6, CaF2, KY3F10 and YAG host crystals from quantum chemical calculations based on the DV-Xα method. Good agreement between calculated and fitted values of the crystal-field parameters is obtained. The method can be used to calculate parameters even for low-symmetry sites where there are more parameters than energy levels.
On the magnetism of Ln{2/3}Cu{3}Ti{4}O{12} (Ln = lanthanide)
研究了Ln $_{2/3}$ Cu $_3$ Ti $_4$ O $_{12}$系列化合物的磁性和热力学性质。这里$Ln$代表镧系元素La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Sm、Eu、Gd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm和Yb。%大多数化合物被制备为单相多晶粉末%,没有任何痕量的杂质。通过$Ln=$ Gd、Er和Tm检测到杂质$(< 2%)$ %的边缘量。对于$Ln=$ Ce和Yb,发现了显著量的杂质相。研究的所有样品都在空间群$Im\bar{3}$中结晶,晶格常数遵循镧系收缩。Ce化合物的晶格常数揭示了Ce $^{4+}$的存在,导致组成Ce $_{1/2}$ Cu $_3$ Ti $_4$ O $_{12}$。从磁化率和电子自旋共振实验可以得出结论,铜离子总是携带一个自旋$S=1/2$和反铁磁秩序接近25\,K。Curie-Weiss温度可以近似地计算,假设两个亚晶格模型分别对应于铜和镧系离子。似乎重稀土的磁矩弱耦合到铜自旋,而对于轻镧系元素没有这样的耦合被发现。$4f$矩保持顺磁性下降到最低温度,与Tm化合物,这表明增强的Van-Vleck磁性由于非磁性单重基态的晶体场分裂$4f$歧管的例外。从比热测量,我们准确地确定了反铁磁有序温度,并获得有关稀土离子的晶体场状态的信息。热容量的结果还揭示了存在一小部分的Ce $^{3+}$的磁性$4f^1$状态。
Capability of the free-ion eigenstates for crystal-field splitting
Any electron eigenstate |Ψ>of the paramagnetic ion open-shell is characterized by the three independent multipole asphericities A_{k} =<Ψ|| C^(k)}||Ψ> for k=2,4 and 6 related to the second moments of the relevant crystal-field splittings by σ_{k}^{2}=<[1/(2J+1)>] A_{k} ^{2} S_{k} ^{2}, where S_{k} ^{2}=<[1/(2k+1)>] \sum_{q} | B_{kq} |^{2}. The A_{k} can serve as a reliable measure of the state |Ψ>capability for the splitting produced by the k-rank component of the crystal-field Hamiltonian and allow one to verify any fitted crystal-field parameter set directly comparing the calculated and the …
Valence fluctuation in Ce$_{2}$Co$_{3}$Ge$_{5}$ and crystal field effect in Pr$_{2}$Co$_{3}$Ge$_{5}$
制备了三元稀土锗化物R $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Ge $_{5}$(R = La,Ce,Pr)多晶样品,并通过磁化率、等温磁化强度、电阻率和比热等测试方法进行了研究。这些化合物均为正交晶系U $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Si $_{5}$结构(空间群\textit{Ibam})。在这些化合物中,没有观察到磁性或超导转变的证据,直到2K。Ce $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Ge $_{5}$的晶胞体积偏离预期的镧系收缩,表明该化合物中Ce离子的非三价态。与三价Ce离子的预期值相比,有效矩的减小值($μ_{eff}$ $\approx$ 0.95 $μ_{B}$)进一步支持Ce $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Ge $_{5}$中Ce的价态波动性质。磁化率随温度的变化与离子组态间涨落(ICF)模型一致。Pr $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Ge $_{5}$的比热的磁性部分虽然没有明显的相变异常,但观察到一个宽的Schottky型异常。对$C_{mag}$数据的分析表明,Pr $_{2}$ Co $_{3}$ Ge $_{5}$中的单重基态与单重第一激发态的分离度为22 K,而在73 K处为双重第二激发态。
Tuneable magnetic behaviour, electronic structure and nitrogen vacancy formation in Gd$_{x}$Sm$_{1-x}$N
Robinson Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington(惠灵顿维多利亚大学罗宾逊研究所);MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology(麦克迪亚米德先进材料与纳米技术研究所)
Reproduction of the electronic and magnetic structure of the low symmetry sites of Y$_{2}$SiO$_{5}$ doped with Sm$^{3+}$ via a parameterized crystal-field model
参数化晶场分析的六倍和七倍协调,C $_{1}$对称Sm $^{3+}$中心在Y $_{2}$ SiO $_{5}$,广泛的光谱数据的基础上跨越红外光学区域。除了先前确定的$^{6}$ H $_{5/2}$ Z $_{1}$和$^{4}$ G $_{5/2}$ A $_{1}$状态的$g$张量之外,还利用了沿着多个晶体学方向进行的激光位点选择性激发和荧光光谱以及塞曼吸收光谱。由此产生的分析给出了很好的近似的实验能级和磁分裂,产生晶体场参数与其他几个镧系元素离子,这种分析是可用的。