互惠网络中不对称相互作用对生境破坏影响的作用
The role of asymmetric interactions on the effect of habitat destruction in mutualistic networks
摘要：
植物-传粉者互惠网络的相互作用是不对称的：专业植物由通才动物传粉，而通才植物由广泛的专家和通才传粉。有人建议，这种不对称-或dispersionative-组合可以发挥重要作用，在决定平等的易感性，专业和通才植物下的栖息地破坏。争论的核心在于观察到，专业植物，否则将灭绝的候选人，可以应对破坏，这要归功于它们与通才传粉者的相互作用。我们提出了一个理论框架，支持这一论点。我们分析了一个系统的互惠植物和传粉者的动力学模型，受到破坏，他们的栖息地。我们分析和比较两个家庭的相互作用拓扑结构，从高度独立的高度独立的，以及真正的授粉网络。我们发现，在自然系统中观察到的几个功能预测的数学模型。第一，有一种趋势，增加网络的不对称性作为一个结果的预防。第二，熵测量的专业和通才物种灭绝的差异敏感性表明，他们往往平衡时，网络是dispersionative。最后，网络中的链接消失，作为中断的结果，表明专业植物比在一个中断系统中的相应植物保留更多的连接，使它们能够抵抗中断。
英文摘要：
Plant-pollinator mutualistic networks are asymmetric in their interactions: specialist plants are pollinated by generalist animals, while generalist plants are pollinated by a broad involving specialists and generalists. It has been suggested that this asymmetric ---or disassortative--- assemblage could play an important role in determining the equal susceptibility of specialist and generalist plants under habitat destruction. At the core of the argument lies the observation that specialist plants, otherwise candidates to extinction, could cope with the disruption thanks to their interaction with generalist pollinators. We present a theoretical framework that supports this thesis. We analyze a dynamical model of a system of mutualistic plants and pollinators, subject to the destruction of their habitat. We analyze and compare two families of interaction topologies, ranging from highly assortative to highly disassortative ones, as well as real pollination networks. We found that several features observed in natural systems are predicted by the mathematical model. First, there is a tendency to increase the asymmetry of the network as a result of the extinctions. Second, an entropy measure of the differential susceptibility to extinction of specialist and generalist species show that they tend to balance when the network is disassortative. Finally, the disappearance of links in the network, as a result of extinctions, shows that specialist plants preserve more connections than the corresponding plants in an assortative system, enabling them to resist the disruption.
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