I review the progress of SPH calculations for modelling galaxies, and resolving gas dynamics on GMC scales. SPH calculations first investigated the response of isothermal gas to a spiral potential, in the absence of self gravity and magnetic fields. Surprisingly though, even these simple calculations displayed substructure along the spiral arms. Numerical tests indicate that this substructure is still present at high resolution (100 million particles, ~10 pc), and is independent of the initial particle distribution. One interpretation of the formation of substructure is that smaller clouds can agglomerate into more massive GMCs via dissipative collisions. More recent calculations have investigated how other processes, such as the thermodynamics of the ISM, and self gravity affect this simple picture. Further research has focused on developing models with a more realistic spiral structure, either by including stars, or incorporating a tidal interaction.
Elliptical (E) and ellicular (ES) galaxies in the M_bh-M_*,sph diagram, and a merger-driven explanation for the origin of ES galaxies, anti-truncated stellar discs in lenticular galaxies, and the Sersicification of E galaxy light profiles
Reading the tea leaves in the $M_{\rm bh}$-$M_{\rm *,sph}$ and $M_{\rm bh}$-$R_{\rm e,sph}$ diagrams: dry and gaseous mergers with remnant angular momentum
Defining the (Black Hole)-Spheroid Connection with the Discovery of Morphology-Dependent Substructure in the $M_{\rm BH}$--$\rm n_{sph}$ and $M_{\rm BH}$--$\rm R_{e, sph}$ Diagrams: New Tests for Advanced Theories and Realistic Simulations
The buildup of galaxies and their spheroids: the contributions of mergers, disc instabilities and star formation
我们使用GALFORM星系形成的半解析模型和Planck-Millennium模拟来研究星系及其球状体中恒星质量的起源。我们比较合并和光盘不稳定性的重要性，以及它们引发的星爆。我们发现形成\textit{ex situ}的星系恒星质量分数（$f_\mathrm{ex}$）从$M_*=10^{11}$ M $_\odot$向上急剧增加，在$M_*=10^{11.3}$ M $_\odot$处达到$80\%$。对于低质量星系，我们发现更大的\textit{\textit{ex situ}}的贡献在$z=0$比在其他模型（$7$ - $12\%$），随着向更高的红移减少。所有恒星质量的全球\textit{ex situ}比例随着红移急剧下降，从$z=0$的$40\%$下降到$z=10$的$3\%$。主要的合并贡献了大约一半的\textit{ex situ}质量，次要的合并和卫星的平滑吸积都占$\approx25\%$，几乎与恒星质量和红移无关。合并在形成高质量（$M_\mathrm{*,sph}>10^{11}$ M $_\odot$）和低质量（$M_\mathrm{*,sph}<10^{8.5}$ M $_\odot$）球状体中占主导地位。在$z=0$，圆盘不稳定性和与之相关的恒星爆发在中等质量的球状体（$10^{8.5}<M_\mathrm{*,sph}<10^{11}$ M $_\…
Splitting the lentils: Clues to galaxy/black hole coevolution from the discovery of offset relations for non-dusty versus dusty (wet-merger-built) lenticular galaxies in the $M_{\rm bh}$-$M_{\rm *,spheroid}$ diagram
