舌下前置肌神经元非线性树突特性的电压钳分析
Voltage clamp analysis of nonlinear dendritic propertie in prepositus hypoglossi neurons
摘要：
舌下前置肌神经元树突的非线性特性与维持眼位有关。这些神经元的生物物理特性对于前庭神经积分器的操作是必不可少的，前庭神经积分器将头部速度信号转换为控制眼睛位置的信号。采用一种新的电压钳位神经元非线性响应量化方法QSA（quadratic sinusoidal analysis），对神经元的非线性响应进行量化分析。电压钳电流的测量在谐波和交互频率使用特定的刺激频率，作为频率探针的内在非线性神经元的行为。对成对频率的这些响应形成了一个矩阵，该矩阵可以通过本征分解来减少，以在不同的膜电位下提供非常紧凑的分段二次分析，否则该分析通常由涉及大量参数和树突隔室的复杂微分方程来描述。此外，QSA矩阵可以插值以捕获大部分非线性神经元行为，如Volterra核。内插二次函数的两个主要的前置舌下神经元，即B型和D型，是惊人的不同。非线性响应的主要部分是由于持续的钠电导，这似乎是必不可少的持续的非线性效应诱导的NMDA激活，因此将是至关重要的操作的神经积分。最后，树突的非线性反应的优势支持的假设，持续钠电导通道和NMDA受体协同作用，动态控制网络行为的个别突触输入的影响。
英文摘要：
The nonlinear properties of the dendrites in prepositus hypoglossi neurons are involved in maintenance of eye position. The biophysical properties of these neurons are essential for the operation of the vestibular neural integrator that converts a head velocity signal to one that controls eye position. A novel method named QSA (quadratic sinusoidal analysis) for voltage clamped neurons was used to quantify nonlinear responses that are dominated by dendrites. The voltage clamp currents were measured at harmonic and interactive frequencies using specific stimulation frequencies, which act as frequency probes of the intrinsic nonlinear neuronal behavior. These responses to paired frequencies form a matrix that can be reduced by eigendecomposition to provide a very compact piecewise quadratic analysis at different membrane potentials that otherwise is usually described by complex differential equations involving a large numbers of parameters and dendritic compartments. Moreover, the QSA matrix can be interpolated to capture most of the nonlinear neuronal behavior like a Volterra kernel. The interpolated quadratic functions of the two major prepositus hypoglossi neurons, namely type B and D, are strikingly different. A major part of the nonlinear responses is due to the persistent sodium conductance, which appears to be essential for sustained nonlinear effects induced by NMDA activation and thus would be critical for the operation of the neural integrator. Finally, the dominance of the nonlinear responses by the dendrites supports the hypothesis that persistent sodium conductance channels and NMDA receptors act synergistically to dynamically control the influence of individual synaptic inputs on network behavior.
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