确定太阳黑子内部的吸收、蒸发减少和局部抑制系数
Determining Absorption, Emissivity Reduction, and Local Suppression Coefficients inside Sunspots
摘要：
太阳声波的功率在太阳黑子内部降低，主要是由于吸收、发射率降低和局部抑制。这些功率降低机制的系数可以通过比较从太阳黑子和安静的太阳获得的时间-距离交叉协方差来确定。通过分析SOHO/MDI观测到的47个活动区，在不使用信号滤波器的情况下，我们已经确定了表面吸收，深吸收，发射率降低和局部抑制的系数。也导出了宁静太阳中的耗散。所有的互协方差都进行了宽度校正，以抵消色散的影响。我们发现，吸收是在太阳黑子短的旅行距离的功率赤字的主要机制，但逐渐下降到零的旅行距离超过约6度。太阳黑子内部的吸收也很重要。在本影区，发射率降低系数约为0.44 ~ 1.00，在黑子区为0.29 ~ 0.72，仅占本影区总功率降低的21.5%和黑子区总功率降低的16.5%。局部抑制几乎是恒定的，作为旅行距离的函数，其值分别为0.80和0.665的本影和整个太阳黑子，并且是在大旅行距离处的功率赤字的主要原因。
英文摘要：
The power of solar acoustic waves is reduced inside sunspots mainly due to absorption, emissivity reduction, and local suppression. The coefficients of these power-reduction mechanisms can be determined by comparing time-distance cross-covariances obtained from sunspots and from the quiet Sun. By analyzing 47 active regions observed by SOHO/MDI without using signal filters, we have determined the coefficients of surface absorption, deep absorption, emissivity reduction, and local suppression. The dissipation in the quiet Sun is derived as well. All of the cross-covariances are width corrected to offset the effect of dispersion. We find that absorption is the dominant mechanism of the power deficit in sunspots for short travel distances, but gradually drops to zero at travel distances longer than about 6 degrees. The absorption in sunspot interiors is also significant. The emissivity-reduction coefficient ranges from about 0.44 to 1.00 within the umbra and 0.29 to 0.72 in the sunspot, and accounts for only about 21.5% of the umbra's and 16.5% of the sunspot's total power reduction. Local suppression is nearly constant as a function of travel distance with values of 0.80 and 0.665 for umbrae and whole sunspots respectively, and is the major cause of the power deficit at large travel distances.
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