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arXiv 1009.4580astro-ph.GA
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尘埃排放模拟观测中核心质量估计的准确性

Accuracy of core mass estimates in simulated observations of dust emission

J. Malinen, M. Juvela, D. C. Collins, T. Lunttila, P. Padoan

摘要:

我们研究了使用亚毫米和红外尘埃辐射获得的分子云核质量估计的可靠性。我们使用磁流体动力学模拟和辐射转移产生的空间分辨率和典型的赫歇尔调查的噪声水平的合成观测。我们估计尘埃色温使用不同的强度对,计算列密度和比较估计的质量与真实值。我们比较这些结果的情况下,所有五个赫歇尔波长可用。我们调查的灰尘属性的空间变化的影响和嵌入式热源的影响。对尘埃不透明度及其光谱指数β的错误假设会导致质量估计中的重大系统误差。这些主要是倍增性的,并保持质谱的斜率不变,除非包括具有非常高的光学深度的核心。温度变化会使色温估计值偏置,并且在光学深度高于正常稳定内核的静态内核中,质量可能被低估高达一个数量级。当被内部辐射源加热时,观测恢复了真实的质谱。质谱的形状,虽然不是位置,对于分析中引入的观测误差和偏差是可靠的。只有当核心的光学深度比基本流体静力平衡条件下预期的要高得多时,这种情况才会改变。只要视线上有温度变化,观测就会低估β值。当真实β随波长变化时,也可以观察到偏差。内部热源产生色温和β之间的反相关性,这可能难以与尘埃颗粒的任何内在β(T)关系分开。这表明在解释观察到的质谱和光谱指数时要谨慎。

英文摘要:

We study the reliability of mass estimates obtained for molecular cloud cores using sub-millimetre and infrared dust emission. We use magnetohydrodynamic simulations and radiative transfer to produce synthetic observations with spatial resolution and noise levels typical of Herschel surveys. We estimate dust colour temperatures using different pairs of intensities, calculate column densities and compare the estimated masses with the true values. We compare these results to the case when all five Herschel wavelengths are available. We investigate the effects of spatial variations of dust properties and the influence of embedded heating sources. Wrong assumptions of dust opacity and its spectral index beta can cause significant systematic errors in mass estimates. These are mainly multiplicative and leave the slope of the mass spectrum intact, unless cores with very high optical depth are included. Temperature variations bias colour temperature estimates and, in quiescent cores with optical depths higher than for normal stable cores, masses can be underestimated by up to one order of magnitude. When heated by internal radiation sources the observations recover the true mass spectra. The shape, although not the position, of the mass spectrum is reliable against observational errors and biases introduced in the analysis. This changes only if the cores have optical depths much higher than expected for basic hydrostatic equilibrium conditions. Observations underestimate the value of beta whenever there are temperature variations along the line of sight. A bias can also be observed when the true beta varies with wavelength. Internal heating sources produce an inverse correlation between colour temperature and beta that may be difficult to separate from any intrinsic beta(T) relation of the dust grains. This suggests caution when interpreting the observed mass spectra and the spectral indices.

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