We consider a generic type of dark energy fluid, characterised by a constant equation of state parameter w and sound speed c_s, and investigate the impact of dark energy clustering on cosmic structure formation using the spherical collapse model. Along the way, we also discuss in detail the evolution of dark energy perturbations in the linear regime. We find that the introduction of a finite sound speed into the picture necessarily induces a scale-dependence in the dark energy clustering, which in turn affects the dynamics of the spherical collapse in a scale-dependent way. As with other, more conventional fluids, we can define a Jeans scale for the dark energy clustering, and hence a Jeans mass M_J for the dark matter which feels the effect of dark energy clustering via gravitational interactions. For bound objects (halos) with masses M >> M_J, the effect of dark energy clustering is maximal. For those with M << M_J, the dark energy component is effectively homogeneous, and its role in the formation of these structures is reduced to its effects on the Hubble expansion rate. To compute quantitatively the virial density and the linearly extrapolated threshold density, we use a quasi-linear approach which is expected to be valid up to around the Jeans mass. We find an interesting dependence of these quantities on the halo mass M, given some w and c_s. The dependence is the strongest for masses lying in the vicinity of M ~ M_J. Observing this M-dependence will be a tell-tale sign that dark energy is dynamic, and a great leap towards pinning down its clustering properties.
We study the spherical collapse of non-top-hat matter fluctuations in the presence of dark energy with arbitrary sound speed. The model is described by a system of partial differential equations solved using a pseudo-spectral method with collocation points. This method can reproduce the known analytical solutions in the linear regime with an accuracy better than $10^{-6}\%$ and better than $10^{-2}\%$ for the virialization threshold given by the usual spherical collapse model. We show the impact of nonlinear dark energy fluctuations on matter profiles, matter peculiar velocity and gravitationa…
Understanding the influence of dark energy on the formation of structures is currently a major challenge in Cosmology, since it can distinguish otherwise degenerated viable models. In this work we consider the Top-Hat Spherical-Collapse (SC) model with dark energy, which can partially (or totally) cluster, according to a free parameter $γ$. The {\it lack of} energy conservation has to be taken into account accordingly, as we will show. We determine characteristic quantities for the SC model, such as the critical contrast density and radius evolution, with particular emphasis on their dependenc…
The DGP (Dvali, Gabadaze and Porrati) braneworld cosmology gives an alternative to dark energy. In DGP cosmology the alleged cosmic acceleration is generated by the modification of gravity theory. Nonlinear evolution of matter density contrast in DGP braneworld cosmology is studied in the present work. The semi-analytic approach of spherical collapse of matter overdensity is adopted in the present context to study the nonliner evolution. Further, the number count of galaxy clusters along the redshift is studied for the DGP cosmology using Press-Schechter and Sheth-Tormen mass function formalis…
Locations of Accretion Shocks around Galaxy Clusters and the ICM properties: insights from Self-Similar Spherical Collapse with arbitrary mass accretion rates
我们研究了Chaobergin和粘性统一宇宙学的非线性球形“礼帽”坍缩。术语统一是指暗能量和暗物质被一个单一的成分所取代的模型。对于广义Chaubergin气体(GCG),我们推广了[R. A. A. Fernandes { \it et al}. Physical Review D 85,083501(2012)]。讨论了含$α=0$的GCG模型与$Λ$ CDM模型在非线性水平上的差异。我们表明,两者确实是不同的。本文还研究了由于非绝热扰动的存在而不同于GCG的体粘模型。在这种情况下,聚类过程通常被抑制,并且加速背景膨胀的粘性模型的可行参数空间不会导致塌陷结构。这一结果对统一粘性模型的可行性提出了挑战。