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arXiv 1008.4491cond-mat.mes-hall
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考虑自旋轨道相互作用的量子点接触中的自旋流量子化

Spin-current quantization in a quantum point contact with spin-orbit interaction

Vladimir A. Sablikov

摘要:

我们建立了一个实际的和易于分析的模型来描述在具有自旋轨道相互作用(SOI)的量子点接触(QPC)中,在施加小电压时产生的自旋电流。在该模型中,QPC被认为是一个鞍点的二维潜在景观。SOI在有限区域内起作用,并且在储层深处不存在。SOI强度不应该很强。结果表明,自旋极化出现在微扰理论的第三级作为一个结果的电子跃迁的明确组合。它们包括两个到最近子带的子带间跃迁和一个子带内跃迁。自旋电流与SOI强度的立方成正比,并强烈依赖于鞍点的几何参数。如果SOI是Rashba型的,自旋在QPC的平面内被极化,并且垂直于电子流。作为鞍点电位的函数(即,QPC势垒的高度),自旋电导和特别是自旋极化具有与电荷电导量子化步骤相关的特性特征(具体地,峰)。峰形取决于SOI作用的区域的长度。在具有尖锐势场的QPC中,这幅图像被干扰过程扭曲。

英文摘要:

We develop a realistic and analytically tractable model to describe the spin current which arises in a quantum point contact (QPC) with spin-orbit interaction (SOI) upon a small voltage is applied. In the model, the QPC is considered as a saddle point of two-dimensional potential landscape. The SOI acts within a finite region and is absent deep in the reservoirs. The SOI strength is not supposed to be strong. It is shown that the spin polarization appears in the third order of the perturbation theory as a result of definite combinations of electron transitions. They include two intersubband transitions to nearest subbands and one intrasubband transition. The spin current is proportional to the cube of the SOI strength and strongly depends on geometric parameters of the saddle point. The spin is polarized in the plane of the QPC and directed normally to the electron current if the SOI is of Rashba type. As a function of the saddle-point potential (i.e., the height of the QPC barrier), the spin conductance and especially the spin polarization have characteristic features (specifically, peaks) correlated with the charge conductance quantization steps. The peak shape depends on the length of the region where the SOI acts. In QPCs with sharp potential landscape, this picture is distorted by interference processes.

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