碳纳米管质子通道中的圆环效应和动态极化效应
Donut and dynamic polarization effects in proton channeling through carbon nanotubes
摘要：
研究了能量为0.223 MeV的质子在长度为0.2 $μ$ m的（11，~9）单壁碳纳米管中的角分布和空间分布.质子入射角在0和10 mrad之间变化，接近沟道效应的临界角。我们发现，随着质子入射角的增加，并接近沟道效应的临界角，在角分布-甜甜圈效应中形成环状结构。我们证明这是彩虹效应。当质子入射角为0 ~ 1/2的沟道临界角时，像力对角分布和空间分布的极大值的数目和位置有很大影响。然而，当质子入射角接近沟道效应的临界角时，它对角分布和空间分布的影响大大减小。我们证明了质子入射角的增加可以导致纳米管内传播质子的显著重排。这种效应可以用来定位纳米管中的原子杂质，也可以用来产生纳米级的质子束，用于材料科学、生物学和医学。
英文摘要：
We investigate the angular and spatial distributions of protons of the energy of 0.223 MeV after channeling through an (11,~9) single-wall carbon nanotube of the length of 0.2 $μ$m. The proton incident angle is varied between 0 and 10 mrad, being close to the critical angle for channeling. We show that, as the proton incident angle increases and approaches the critical angle for channeling, a ring-like structure is developed in the angular distribution - donut effect. We demonstrate that it is the rainbow effect. When the proton incident angle is between zero and a half of the critical angle for channeling, the image force affects considerably the number and positions of the maxima of the angular and spatial distributions. However, when the proton incident angle is close to the critical angle for channeling, its influence on the angular and spatial distributions is reduced strongly. We demonstrate that the increase of the proton incident angle can lead to a significant rearrangement of the propagating protons within the nanotube. This effect may be used to locate atomic impurities in nanotubes as well as for creating nanosized proton beams to be used in materials science, biology and medicine.
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