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arXiv 1008.0637astro-ph.CO
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z=2.69的半透明星际云:CO、H2和HD在SDSS J123714的视线范围内.60+064759.5

A translucent interstellar cloud at z=2.69: CO, H2 and HD in the line-of-sight to SDSS J123714.60+064759.5

P. Noterdaeme, P. Petitjean, C. Ledoux, S. Lopez, R. Srianand, S. D. Vergani

摘要:

我们提出了对SDSS J123714+064759(z_em=2.78)的子DLA系统(log N(H^0)=20.0+/-0.15,z_abs=2.69)的分析。利用VLT/UVES和X-Shooter光谱仪,我们在吸收中检测到H2、HD和CO分子,log N(H2,HD,CO)=(19.21,14.48,14.17)。该系统的总体金属丰度为超太阳([Zn/H]=+0.34),铁高度贫化([Fe/Zn]=-1.39),显示出富含金属和尘埃气体。最强的H2分量与HI吸收的中心不一致。这意味着该组分中的分子分数f=2N(H2)/(2N(H2)+N(H^0))大于系统中的平均分子分数<f>=1/4。这得到了与该H2-组分相关的Cl ^0的检测的支持,其具有N(Cl ^0)/N(Cl^+)&gt;0.4。由于Cl ^0通过电荷交换反应与H2结合,这意味着该组分中的分子分数离1不远。分子云的大小可能小于1 pc。当f&gt;0.24时,CO/H2=10^-5和CO/C^0~1的比值都表明该云属于半透明云,即,碳以原子和分子的形式存在。相应的消光系数Av=0.14,虽然低于半透明视线的定义(基于消光特性),但对于观测到的H^0柱密度来说是很高的。这意味着具有类似局部性质但具有较大柱密度的中间云可能被当前的星等限制类星体调查遗漏。CO的激发主要是与宇宙微波背景辐射(CMBR)的辐射相互作用,当TCMBR(z=2.69)=10.05 K时,我们得到Tex(CO)=10.5+0.8-0.6 K。氘的吸收系数--相对于原始D/H比--只有大约3。这可能是来自星系际介质的未处理气体吸积到相关星系上的结果。[删节]

英文摘要:

We present the analysis of a sub-DLA system (log N(H^0)=20.0+/-0.15, z_abs=2.69) toward SDSS J123714+064759 (z_em=2.78). Using the VLT/UVES and X-shooter spectrographs, we detect H2, HD and CO molecules in absorption with log N(H2,HD,CO)=(19.21,14.48,14.17). The overall metallicity of the system is super-solar ([Zn/H]=+0.34) and iron is highly depleted ([Fe/Zn]=-1.39), revealing metal-rich and dusty gas. The strongest H2 component does not coincide with the centre of the HI absorption. This implies that the molecular fraction in this component, f=2N(H2)/(2N(H2)+N(H^0)), is larger than the mean molecular fraction <f>=1/4 in the system. This is supported by the detection of Cl^0 associated with this H2-component having N(Cl^0)/N(Cl^+)>0.4. Since Cl^0 is tied up to H2 by charge exchange reactions, this means that the molecular fraction in this component is not far from unity. The size of the molecular cloud is probably smaller than 1pc. Both the CO/H2=10^-5 and CO/C^0~1 ratios for f>0.24 indicate that the cloud classifies as translucent, i.e., a regime where carbon is found both in atomic and molecular form. The corresponding extinction, Av=0.14, albeit lower than the definition of a translucent sightline (based on extinction properties), is high for the observed H^0 column density. This means that intervening clouds with similar local properties but with larger column densities could be missed by current magnitude-limited QSO surveys. The excitation of CO is dominated by radiative interaction with the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation (CMBR) and we derive Tex(CO)=10.5+0.8-0.6 K when TCMBR(z=2.69)=10.05 K is expected. The astration factor of deuterium -with respect to the primordial D/H ratio- is only about 3. This can be the consequence of accretion of unprocessed gas from the intergalactic medium onto the associated galaxy. [abridged]

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