威廉·赫歇尔望远镜宽视场多目标摄谱仪的驱动器设计
Design drivers for a wide-field multi-object spectrograph for the William Herschel Telescope
摘要：
宽视场多目标光谱学是未来十年欧洲天文学的一个高度优先事项。大多数8- 10米望远镜的视场都很小，这使得4米级望远镜成为宽视场仪器的一个特别有吸引力的选择。我们提出了一个科学的情况下，设计驱动程序的宽视场多目标摄谱仪（MOS）与积分场单位的4.2米威廉赫歇尔望远镜（WHT）在拉帕尔马。该仪器打算利用未来的主焦点校正器和大气色散校正器，该校正器将提供直径为2度的视场，具有从370到1,000 nm的良好吞吐量。科学计划分为三组，需要三种不同的分辨率R：（1）与盖亚有关的银河系动力学、宇宙学红移调查和星系演化研究的高精度径向速度（R = 5，000），（2）星系盘速度色散（R = 10，000）和（3）银河系考古学的高精度恒星元素丰度（R = 20，000）。不同科学案例的多路复用要求范围从几百到几千，并考虑了一系列光纤定位器技术。光谱仪的几种选择进行了讨论，部分建筑在已发表的设计研究的电子英语教学光谱仪。事实上，WHT MOS不仅可以有效地为未来十年计划的重要成像调查提供数据，而且还可以作为优化未来E-ELT MOS仪器设计的测试平台。
英文摘要：
Wide-field multi-object spectroscopy is a high priority for European astronomy over the next decade. Most 8-10m telescopes have a small field of view, making 4-m class telescopes a particularly attractive option for wide-field instruments. We present a science case and design drivers for a wide-field multi-object spectrograph (MOS) with integral field units for the 4.2-m William Herschel Telescope (WHT) on La Palma. The instrument intends to take advantage of a future prime-focus corrector and atmospheric-dispersion corrector that will deliver a field of view 2 deg in diameter, with good throughput from 370 to 1,000 nm. The science programs cluster into three groups needing three different resolving powers R: (1) high-precision radial-velocities for Gaia-related Milky Way dynamics, cosmological redshift surveys, and galaxy evolution studies (R = 5,000), (2) galaxy disk velocity dispersions (R = 10,000) and (3) high-precision stellar element abundances for Milky Way archaeology (R = 20,000). The multiplex requirements of the different science cases range from a few hundred to a few thousand, and a range of fibre-positioner technologies are considered. Several options for the spectrograph are discussed, building in part on published design studies for E-ELT spectrographs. Indeed, a WHT MOS will not only efficiently deliver data for exploitation of important imaging surveys planned for the coming decade, but will also serve as a test-bed to optimize the design of MOS instruments for the future E-ELT.
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