通过直接相干控制测量单个二能级系统的温度依赖性
Measuring the temperature dependence of individual two-level systems by direct coherent control
摘要：
我们展示了一种新的方法来直接操纵相位量子比特中的单个二能级系统（TLS）的状态。它允许人们使用标准微波脉冲序列来表征TLS的相干特性，而量子比特仅用于状态读出。我们首次应用这种方法测量了TLS相干性的温度依赖性。能量弛豫时间$T_1$被发现在这项工作中研究的两个TLS随温度的平方减少，而他们的退相时间测量在拉姆齐和自旋回波实验被发现是$T_1$限制在所有温度下。
英文摘要：
We demonstrate a new method to directly manipulate the state of individual two-level systems (TLS) in phase qubits. It allows one to characterize the coherence properties of TLS using standard microwave pulse sequences, while the qubit is used only for state readout. We apply this method to measure the temperature dependence of TLS coherence for the first time. The energy relaxation time $T_1$ is found to decrease quadratically with temperature for the two TLS studied in this work, while their dephasing time measured in Ramsey and spin-echo experiments is found to be $T_1$ limited at all temperatures.
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