Alan Kostelecky, R. Van Kooten
Recent evidence for anomalous CP violation in B-meson oscillations can be interpreted as resulting from CPT violation. This yields the first sensitivity to CPT violation in the B_s^0 system, with the relevant coefficient for CPT violation constrained at the level of parts in 10^{12}.
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Tests of Lorentz invariance violation and CPT Violation in neutrino oscillations are discussed. The sensitivity of current and future experiments is presented.
The review covers transitions between M0 and M0bar in all four systems M0 = K0, D0, B0 and Bs. These systems are ideal laboratories for studying the discrete symmetries T and CPT. The properties of time reversal T are discussed in classical and quantum mechanics. T violation in K0 K0bar transitions has been observed in 1970 independent of assuming CPT symmetry by using the Bell-steinberger unitarity relation. Improvements of this observation are reviewed including the latest results in 2013. They show with high significance that CP violation in K0 K0bar transitions is only T violation without …
A search is presented for CPT-violating effects in the mixing of $B^0_s$ mesons using the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider. The CPT-violating asymmetry in the decay $B^0_s \rightarrow μ^{\pm} D_s^{\mp} X$ as a function of sidereal phase is measured. No evidence for CPT-violating effects is observed and limits are placed on CPT- and Lorentz-invariance violating coupling coefficients.
We have studied $CPT$ violation in neutrino oscillation considering three flavor framework with matter effect. We have constructed a new way to find the oscillation probability incorporating $CPT$ violating terms without any approximation. Then $CPT$ violation with atmospheric neutrinos for a magnetized iron calorimeter detector considering the muons (directly measurable with high resolution) of the charge current events has been studied for zero and nonzero $θ_{13}$ values. It is found that a potential bound of $δb_{32} \lapp 6\times 10^{-24}$ GeV at 99% CL can be obtained with 1 Mton.year ex…
A simple analysis of time-dependent $B_s\to K^+K^-$ transitions, based on recent results from the LHCb experiment, is presented. The benefits of adopting a fully consistent theoretical description of the $B^0_s$--$\bar B^0_s$ mixing are stressed. It is shown that bounds on CPT violation in the $B^0_s$--$\bar B^0_s$ system can be consistently obtained and that direct CP violation in $B_s\to K^+K^-$ can be robustly established, even in the presence of CPT violation in the mixing.
We discuss how a possible violation of the combined symmetry CPT in the B meson system can be investigated at the LHC. We show how a tagged and an untagged analysis of the decay modes of both B(d) and B(s) mesons can lead not only to a possible detection of a CPT-violating new physics but also to an understanding of its precise nature. The implication of CPT violation to a large mixing phase in the B(s) system is also discussed.
An analysis from the D0 Collaboration measuring the charge asymmetry A^b_sl of like-sign dimuon events due to semileptonic b-hadron decays at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider is described. It differs by 3.2 standard deviations from the Standard Model prediction to provide first evidence of CPT-invariant anomalous CP violation in the mixing of neutral B mesons, and is compared to the CP-violating phase obtained from a D0 analysis of the time-dependent decay angles in B0_s -> J/psi phi. If CPT violation is allowed, the dimuon asymmetry also yields the first sensitivity to CPT violation in the B0_s…
The conclusions summarize the main, but not all, aspects of a two-days workshop held at MITP Mainz. The four covered aspects are T violation in decays of neutral B mesons, T and CPT studies in B0B0bar transitions with Belle, future measurements of T violation in B and D decays, and direct tests of T and CPT symmetries in the entangled neutral Kaon system at a ?Phi factory.
The neutral kaon system offers a unique possibility to perform fundamental tests of CPT invariance. In this contribution the KLOE prospects for the measurements of CPT violation in the context of the Standard Model Extension are presented together with a full description of the analysis method needed and with the perspective given by the KLOE-2 data-taking campaign.
Recent measurements of CPT violation and Lorentz symmetry breaking in $B^0-\bar{B}^0$ mixing and $B^0_s-\bar{B}^0_s$ mixing, obtained from data taken by the LHCb experiment, are highlighted. The results are expressed in terms of the Standard-Model Extension (SME) coefficients, which incorporate both CPT and Lorentz violation. Due to the large boost of the $B$ mesons at LHCb, the SME coefficients can be determined with high precision. The bounds on these coefficients are improved significantly compared to previous measurements.
We show that new physics, either from CPT violation in B^0-\bar{B}^0 mixing or from ΔB = -ΔQ transitions, may lead to an opposite-sign dilepton asymmetry of neutral B-meson decays. Both effects have the same time-dependent behavior and therefore are in general indistinguishable from each other. We also clarify some ambiguity associated with the constraint on CPT violation in semileptonic decays of incoherent B^0 and \bar{B}^0 mesons.
The experimental signatures of nonstandard neutrino interactions are shown to be equivalent to CPT violation in neutrino oscillations. This result leads to a correspondence in the study of these two descriptions that can be used to constrain the relevant parameters of one formalism by using the available bounds on parameters of the other. The correspondence is illustrated and explicitly used to determine first bounds on previously unexplored parameters in both formalisms.
An overview of current experimental bounds on $CPT$ violation in neutral meson mixing is given. New values for the $CPT$ asymmetry in the $B^0$ and $B_s^0$ systems are deduced from published BaBar, Belle and LHCb results. With dedicated analyses, LHCb will be able to further improve the bounds on $CPT$ violation in the $D^0$, $B^0$ and $B_s^0$ systems. Since $CPT$ violation implies violation of Lorentz invariance in an interacting local quantum field theory, the observed $CPT$ asymmetry will exhibit sidereal- and boost-dependent variations. Such $CPT$-violating and Lorentz-violating effects ar…
We discuss some possible signals of CPT violation in the $B_s$ system that may be probed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). We show how one can construct combinations ofobservables coming from tagged and untagged decay rates of $B_s\to D_s^\pm K^\mp$ that can unambiguously differentiate between CPT violating and CPT conserving new physics (NP) models contributing in $B_s-\bar B_s$ mixing. We choose this particular mode as an illustrative example for two reasons: (i) In the Standard Model, there is only one decay amplitude, so it is easier to untangle any new physics; (ii) $B_s$ being a neutra…
The status of Lorentz- and CPT-violation searches using measurements of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon is reviewed. Results from muon g-2 experiments have set the majority of the most stringent limits on Standard- Model Extension Lorentz and CPT violation in the muon sector. These limits are consistent with calculations of the level of Standard-Model Extension effects required to account for the current 3.7σ experiment-theory discrepancy in the muon's g-2. The prospects for the new Muon g-2 Experiment at Fermilab to improve upon these searches is presented.
Even though it is undoubtedly very appealing to interpret the latest T2K results as evidence of CP violation, this claim assumes CPT conservation in the neutrino sector to an extent that has not been tested yet. As we will show, T2K results are not robust against a CPT-violating explanation. On the contrary, a CPT-violating CP-conserving scenario is in perfect agreement with current neutrino oscillation data. Therefore, to elucidate whether T2K results imply CP or CPT violation is of utter importance. We show that, even after combining with data from NO$ν$A and from reactor experiments, no cla…
New limits on CPT-Symmetry Violation in Charm mesons
本文介绍检验中性味介子系统中CPT破缺的方法，通过重新解释LHCb对粲介子衰变时间依赖不对称性的测量，确立了CPT破缺效应新约束，较FOCUS实验结果提高约两个数量级，并讨论了相关检验前景。
A D0 analysis measuring the charge asymmetry Ab_sl of like-sign dimuon events due to semileptonic b-hadron decays at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider has shown indications of possible anomalous CP violation in the mixing of neutral B mesons. This result has been used to extract the first senstivity to CPT violation in the B0_s system. A procedure to explore further this anomaly by specifically measuring the semileptonic charge asymmetry, as_sl, in B0_s decays is described, as well as how a variant of this analysis can be used to explore a larger set of CPT-violating parameters in the B0_s system…
Charge-Parity-Time (CPT) symmetry governs that the oscillation parameters for neutrinos and anti-neutrinos are to be identical. Different mass and mixing parameters for these particles may give us a possible hint for CPT violation in the neutrino sector. Using this approach, we discuss the ability of long-baseline and atmospheric neutrino experiments to determine the difference between mass squared splittings ($Δm^{2}_{32}-Δ\bar{m}^{2}_{32}$) and atmospheric mixing angles ($\sin^{2}θ_{23}-\sin^{2}\barθ_{23}$) of neutrinos and anti-neutrinos. We show the joint sensitivity of the T2K, NOvA and I…
A natural realization of CPT violation in neutrino oscillation can arise due to the coupling to a light scalar or vector dark matter (DM). The dark non-standard interaction (NSI) is associated with the $γ_0$ matrix in neutrino's effective propagator and hence corrects the neutrino Hamiltonian as dark matter potential, in the same way as the ordinary matter effect. The effect is, however, inversely proportional to the neutrino energy and hence appears as a correction to the neutrino mass squared. Due to a sign difference in the corrections for neutrino and anti-neutrino modes, the neutrino osci…
We study the sensitivity of the Iron Calorimeter (ICAL) at the India-Based Neutrino Observatory (INO) to Lorentz and CPT violation in the neutrino sector. Its ability to identify the charge of muons in addition to their direction and energy makes ICAL a useful tool in putting constraints on these fundamental symmetries. Using resolution, efficiencies, errors and uncertainties obtained from ICAL detector simulations, we determine sensitivities to $δ{b}_{31}$, which parametizes the violations in the muon neutrino sector. We carry out calculations for three generic cases representing mixing in th…
We first study how sterile neutrinos can fit the 5sigma bar-nu_mu --> bar-nu_e LSND anomaly: 2+2 solutions are strongly disfavoured by solar and atmospheric data, while 3+1 solutions can still give a poor fit (for a specific range of oscillation parameters, to be tested by MiniBooNE). If instead MiniBoone will find no nu_mu --> nu_e signal, we will have a hint for CPT violation. Already now, unlike sterile neutrinos, CPT-violating neutrino masses can nicely accomodate all safe and unsafe data. We study how much CPT must be conserved according to atmospheric and K2K data and list which CPT-viol…
Searches for Lorentz and CPT violation using neutrino oscillations and the prospects for future tests using neutrino time-of-flight measurements and beta-decay experiments are presented.
In this talk, we investigate extrinsic CPT violation in neutrino oscillations in matter with three flavors. Note that extrinsic CPT violation is different from intrinsic CPT violation. Extrinsic CPT violation is one way of quantifying matter effects, whereas intrinsic CPT violation would mean that the CPT invariance theorem is not valid. We present analytical formulas for the extrinsic CPT probability differences and discuss their implications for long-baseline experiments and neutrino factory setups.
This talk provides a short overview of recent results on possible CPT violation and some associated experimental signatures.
We comment on CP, T and CPT violation in the light of interesting new data from the CPLEAR and KTeV Collaborations on neutral kaon decay asymmetries. Other recent data from the CPLEAR experiment, constraining possible violations of CPT and the $ΔS = ΔQ$ rule, exclude the possibility that the semileptonic-decay asymmetry $A_{T}$ measured by CPLEAR could be solely due to CPT violation, confirming that their data constitute direct evidence for T violation. The CP-violating asymmetry in $K_L \to e^-e^+π^-π^+$ recently measured by the KTeV Collaboration does not by itself provide direct evidence fo…
This contribution to the CPT'22 meeting provides a brief review of some concepts in Lorentz and CPT violation.
A mechanism for spontaneous CPT breaking appears in string theory. Possible implications for present-energy particle models are discussed. A realistic string theory might exhibit CPT violation at levels detectable in current or future experiments. Bounds on CPT from neutral-meson oscillations are considered.
This talk provides a status report on CPT violation in neutral-meson oscillations, focusing on implications of the CPT- and Lorentz-violating standard-model extension.
In this review I classify the possible ways of CPT violation, and I describe briefly their phenomenology, in both terrestrial and astrophysical experiments, including antimatter factories, neutral mesons and neutrinos, and discuss the various sensitivities. I also pay attention to disentangling genuine quantum-gravity induced CPT violation from `fake' violation due to ordinary matter effects. A particularly interesting situation arises when the breaking of CPT invariance is through unitarity violations, in the sense of the matter theory being viewed as an effective field theory, entangled with…
In this talk, the status of CPT tests with neutral mesons is reviewed in the context of quantum field theory and the Lorentz- and CPT-violating standard-model extension.
We analyze the possibility of observing CPT violation in the top sector. We present current bounds on CPT violation in this sector, and analyze the prospects of improving these bounds at the LHC.
The sensitivity of experiments with neutral mesons to possible indirect CPT violation is examined. It is shown that experiments conventionally regarded as equivalent can have CPT reaches differing by orders of magnitude within the framework of a minimal CPT- and Lorentz-violating extension of the standard model.
The basic feature of the measurement of CPT violation in the neutral kaon system is overviewed beginning with noting the physical implication of CPT violation. After describing $K^0-\bar{K}^0$ system at length, how CPT test is possible is illustrated with adding a few remarks on it.
A sketch of our results on CPT and strings is given. A mechanism for spontaneous CPT violation in string theory is briefly reviewed, and recent theoretical progress is summarized. Possible CPT-violating contributions to a four-dimensional low-energy effective theory could produce effects at levels testable in neutral-meson systems. Likely experimental signatures and attainable bounds are outlined in candidate experiments with correlated and uncorrelated neutral mesons.
Experimental signals for indirect CPT violation in the neutral-meson systems are studied in the context of a general CPT- and Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. In this explicit theory, some CPT observables depend on the meson momentum and exhibit diurnal variations. The consequences for CPT tests vary significantly with the specific experimental scenario. The wide range of possible effects is illustrated for two types of CPT experiment presently underway, one involving boosted uncorrelated kaons and the other involving unboosted correlated kaon pairs.
Minimal CPT violation has been constrained using observations of neutral-meson oscillations. Violation of CPT symmetry arising from nonminimal operators in the Lagrange density can also occur. A general approach using scalar effective field theory is presented and used to infer the effects of nonminimal CPT violation on neutral-meson oscillations.
Minuscule violations of CPT and Lorentz invariance might arise in an extension of the standard model as suppressed effects from a more fundamental theory. In this contribution to the CarruthersFest, I present and answer some questions about CPT and the possibility of its violation.
A general technique is presented for treating CPT violation in neutral-meson oscillations. The effective field theory for a complex scalar with CPT-violating operators of arbitrary mass dimension is incorporated in the formalism for the propagation and mixing of neutral mesons. Observable effects are discussed, and first measurements of CPT-violating operators of dimension five are extracted from existing experimental results.
Zitterbewegung CPT violation in neutral kaons system
本研究将中性K介子实验观测到的CP破坏解释为地球史瓦西几何中二阶弱耦合混合与夸克颤动的共同作用，指出其本质是T守恒的CPT破坏，短寿命K介子的有限寿命使其表现为T破坏。
Tests of CPT and Lorentz symmetry using neutral-meson oscillations are studied within a formalism that allows for indirect CPT and T violation of arbitrary size and is independent of phase conventions. The analysis is particularly appropriate for studies of CPT and T violation in oscillations of the heavy neutral mesons D, B_d, and B_s. The general Lorentz- and CPT-breaking standard-model extension is used to derive an expression for the parameter for CPT violation. It varies in a prescribed way with the magnitude and orientation of the meson momentum and consequently also with sidereal time. …
We report some general phenomenological results concerning CP and CPT violations in joint decays of entangled pseudoscalar neutral mesons.
This contribution to the CPT'16 meeting briefly highlights some of the recent progress in the phenomenology of Lorentz and CPT violation, with emphasis on research performed at the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries.
This talk provides an overview of a string-based mechanism for spontaneous CPT violation. A summary is given of theoretical developments. The mechanism could generate CPT-violating contributions to a four-dimensional low-energy effective theory and thereby produce detectable consequences for candidate experiments with neutral-meson systems.
Possible signals for indirect CPT violation arising in experiments with neutral kaons are considered in the context of a general CPT- and Lorentz-violating standard-model extension. Certain CPT observables can depend on the meson momentum and exhibit sidereal variations in time. Any leading-order CPT violation would be controlled by four parameters that can be separately constrained in appropriate experiments. Recent experiments bound certain combinations of these parameters at the level of about $10^{-20}$ GeV.
Overview of spontaneous Lorentz and CPT breaking mechanism in the context of the standard model contributed to the proceedings for the Coral Gables meeting.
We examine the effects on baryogenesis of spontaneous CPT violation in a string-based scenario. Under suitable circumstances, certain CPT-violating terms can produce a large baryon asymmetry at the grand-unified scale that reduces to the observed value via sphaleron or other dilution mechanisms.
Space-based experiments offer sensitivity to numerous unmeasured effects involving Lorentz and CPT violation. We provide a classification of clock sensitivities and present explicit expressions for time variations arising in such experiments from nonzero coefficients in the Lorentz- and CPT-violating Standard-Model Extension.
Progress in Lorentz and CPT Violation
该研究综述了洛伦兹和CPT违反领域的最新进展，包括相关几何结构、一致性问题解决、自旋演化及轻子中味变换违反现象的搜索。
It is shown that there is a possibility of violation of CPT symmetry in the Standard Model which does not contradict to the famous CPT theorem. To check this possibility experimentally it is necessary to increase the precision of measurements of the proton and antiproton mass difference by an order of magnitude
A general Lorentz-violating extension of the standard model of particle physics, allowing for both CPT-even and CPT-odd effects, is described. Some of its theoretical aspects and experimental implications are summarized.
CPT violation has the potential to explain all three existing neutrino anomalies without enlarging the neutrino sector. CPT violation in the Dirac mass terms of the three neutrino flavors preserves Lorentz invariance, but generates independent masses for neutrinos and antineutrinos. This specific signature is strongly motivated by braneworld scenarios with extra dimensions, where neutrinos are the natural messengers for Standard Model physics of CPT violation in the bulk. A simple model of maximal CPT violation is sufficient to explain the exisiting neutrino data quite neatly, while making dra…
In this paper we study the dynamical CPT violation in the neutrino sector induced by the dark energy of the Universe. Specifically we consider a dark energy model where the dark energy scalar derivatively interacts with the right-handed neutrinos. This type of derivative coupling leads to a cosmological CPT violation during the evolution of the background field of the dark energy. We calculate the induced CPT violation of left-handed neutrinos and find the CPT violation produced in this way is consistent with the present experimental limit and sensitive to the future neutrino oscillation exper…
I address the phenomenology of CPT violation in the neutral kaon system under the assumption that it originates from Planck scale physics. This assumption opens the door to a new set of CPT violating parameters whose phenomenology is distinct from the $Δ$ parameter usually considered in the Hamiltonian. The origin of these parameters reflects a possible departure from a $S$-matrix evolution. Existing bounds on CPT violation are near the expected range based on naive dimensional analysis. This provides a strong incentive to pursue the quest of CPT violation in near-future kaon experiments. (Tal…
This talk at the CPT'19 meeting outlines a few recent developments in Lorentz and CPT violation, with particular attention to results obtained by researchers at the Indiana University Center for Spacetime Symmetries.
The T-odd triple product (TP) asymmetries in B decays to a pair of vector mesons are treated as a good probe of CP violation because of the CPT symmetry. If CPT is no longer a good symmetry, such correlations between T-odd and CP-odd observables do not exist, and one might get unexpected nonzero TP asymmetries as a signal for CPT violation. We give a general formalism of TP asymmetries in the presence of CPT violation, either in decay or in neutral meson mixing. We also discuss how the observables depending on the transversity amplitudes are modified, and compare our expressions with the LHCb …
Parameters describing CPT violation are extracted from a variety of rate asymmetries in the neutral-$D$ system. The precision to which these parameters could be measured in present and planned machines is examined.
This talk outlines some recent theoretical developments in Lorentz and CPT violation.
We examine matter induced CPT violation effects in long baseline electron neutrino appearance experiments in a low energy neutrino factory setup. Assuming CPT invariance in vacuum, the magnitude of CPT violating asymmetry in matter has been estimated using the exact expressions for the transition probabilities. The dependence of the asymmetry on the oscillation parameters like mixing angles, mass squared differences as well as on the Dirac CP violating phase has been investigated.
The LSND signal for \barν_μto \barν_e oscillations has prompted supposition that there may be a fourth light neutrino or that CPT is violated. Neither explanation provides a good fit to all existing neutrino data. We examine the even more speculative possibility that a four-neutrino model with CPT violation can explain the LSND effect and remain consistent with all other data. We find that models with a 3+1 mass structure in the neutrino sector are viable; a 2+2 structure is permitted only in the antineutrino sector.
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