周期环境中无条件扩散的演化
Evolution of unconditional dispersal in periodic environments
摘要：
生物通过分散来调节它们在异质环境中的适应性。先前的工作表明，有选择对“无条件”分散在空间异质性环境。“无条件”是指个人以独立于其位置的速度分散。我们证明了，如果补丁内的适应度在空间上和时间上在两个值之间变化，则存在无条件扩散的选择：任何进化稳定策略（ESS）或进化稳定联盟（ESC）都包括分散表型。此外，在这个ESS或ESC，至少有一个汇补丁（即几何平均值小于1）和没有源补丁（即几何平均值大于1）的适应度。这些结果加上模拟表明，时空异质性，由于非生物强迫的结果，在一个分散的表型或ESC与定居和分散的表型的ESS。相反，由于生物相互作用的时空异质性可以选择更高的扩散率，最终空间同步的种群动力学。
英文摘要：
Organisms modulate their fitness in heterogeneous environments by dispersing. Prior work shows that there is selection against "unconditional" dispersal in spatially heterogeneous environments. "Unconditional" means individuals disperse at a rate independent of their location. We prove that if within-patch fitness varies spatially and between two values temporally, then there is selection for unconditional dispersal: any evolutionarily stable strategy (ESS) or evolutionarily stable coalition (ESC) includes a dispersive phenotype. Moreover, at this ESS or ESC, there is at least one sink patch (i.e. geometric mean of fitness less than one) and no sources patches (i.e. geometric mean of fitness greater than one). These results coupled with simulations suggest that spatial-temporal heterogeneity due to abiotic forcing result in either an ESS with a dispersive phenotype or an ESC with sedentary and dispersive phenotypes. In contrast, spatial-temporal heterogeneity due to biotic interactions can select for higher dispersal rates that ultimately spatially synchronize population dynamics.
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