用微对象简化分布式编程
Simplified Distributed Programming with Micro Objects
摘要：
开发大规模分布式应用程序可能是一项艰巨的任务。基于对象的环境试图通过提供看起来像本地对象的分布式对象来缓解问题。我们主张这种方法实际上只会使事情变得更糟，因为开发人员需要了解许多复杂的内部细节，以便充分处理部分故障。其结果是增加了应用程序的复杂性。我们提出了一种替代方案，其中分布的透明度减少有利于更清晰的语义。特别是，我们认为，开发人员应该始终提供本地对象的明确语义，并分发来自复制这些对象到需要的地方。我们声称，通常只提供小的、不可变的对象，以及将对象分组到集群中的设施就足够了。
英文摘要：
Developing large-scale distributed applications can be a daunting task. object-based environments have attempted to alleviate problems by providing distributed objects that look like local objects. We advocate that this approach has actually only made matters worse, as the developer needs to be aware of many intricate internal details in order to adequately handle partial failures. The result is an increase of application complexity. We present an alternative in which distribution transparency is lessened in favor of clearer semantics. In particular, we argue that a developer should always be offered the unambiguous semantics of local objects, and that distribution comes from copying those objects to where they are needed. We claim that it is often sufficient to provide only small, immutable objects, along with facilities to group objects into clusters.
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