Polarization has been detected at early times for all types of supernova, indicating that such systems result from or quickly develop some form of asymmetry. In addition, the detection of strong line polarization in supernovae is suggestive of chemical inhomogeneities ("clumps") in the layers above the photosphere, which may reflect hydrodynamical instabilities during the explosion. We have developed a fast, flexible, approximate semi-analytic code for modeling polarized line radiative transfer within 3-D inhomogeneous rapidly-expanding atmospheres. Given a range of model parameters, the code generates random sets of clumps in the expanding ejecta and calculates the emergent line profile and Stokes parameters for each configuration. The ensemble of these configurations represents both the effects of various host geometries and of different viewing angles. We present results for the first part of our survey of model geometries, specifically the effects of the number and size of clumps (and the related effect of filling factor) on the emergent spectrum and Stokes parameters. Our simulations show that random clumpiness can produce line polarization in the range observed in SNe Ia (~1-2%), as well as the Q-U loops that are frequently seen in all SNe. We have also developed a method to connect the results of our simulations to robust observational parameters such as maximum polarization and polarized equivalent width in the line. Our models, in connection with spectropolarimetric observations, can constrain the 3-D structure of supernova ejecta and offer important insight into the SN explosion physics and the nature of their progenitor systems.
Spectropolarimetric Evolution Reveals Dual-Axis Ejecta in the Atypical Magnetar-Powered SN 2012au
University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所);University of California, Davis(加州大学戴维斯分校);Weizmann Institute of Science(魏茨曼科学研究所);Stockholm University(斯德哥尔摩大学);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院);NASA Goddard Space Flight Center(美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心);University of Maryland, College Park(马里兰大学帕克分校);University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校);Texas Tech University(德克萨斯理工大学);Space Telescope Science Institute(太空望远镜科学研究所);University of Texas at Austin(得克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Queen's University Belfast(贝尔法斯特女王大学);Spitzer Science Center, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院斯皮策科学中心);Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院喷气推进实验室);University of Southampton(南安普顿大学);Los Alamos National Laboratory(洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室);Tsinghua University(清华大学);National Astronomical Observatory of China, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院国家天文台);Steward Observatory, University of Arizona(亚利桑那大学斯图尔德天文台);Harvard College Observatory(哈佛大学天文台);Observatories of the Carnegie Institute for Science(卡内基科学研究所天文台);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学)
Giant outbursts of clumpy material preceding Type II supernova 2024qiw
University of Turku(图尔库大学);Aalto University(阿尔托大学);Aalto University Metsähovi Radio Observatory(阿尔托大学梅特霍维无线电天文台);Aalto University Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering(阿尔托大学电子与纳米工程系);University of Sheffield(谢菲尔德大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究院);Finnish Centre for Astronomy with ESO (FINCA)(芬兰ESO天文学中心(FINCA));Kyoto University(京都大学);European University Cyprus(塞浦路斯欧洲大学);University of Warwick(华威大学)
The Three-Dimensional Expansion of the Ejecta from Tycho's Supernova Remnant
我们提出了第一个三维测量的各种喷出物结的速度在第谷的超新星遗迹,已知导致Ia型爆炸。钱德拉X射线观测从2003年到2015年的12年基线,使我们能够测量近60个富硅喷出物的自行,给我们天空平面的速度。对于视线速度,我们使用两种不同的方法:一个非平衡电离模型适合强Si和S线在1.2 - 2.8 keV的制度,和一个适合的一系列高斯线组成。这些方法给出了一致的结果,使我们能够确定每个结的红色或蓝移。假设距离为3.5千秒差距,我们发现总速度的范围为2400至6600 km s $^{-1}$,平均值为4430 km s $^{-1}$。我们发现有几个区域的喷出物结已经超过了前激波。这些区域的自行超过6000 km s $^{-1}$。一些Ia型超新星爆炸模型预测喷出物的速度不对称。我们没有发现这样的速度不对称性在第谷,并讨论我们的研究结果,根据各种爆炸模型,有利于那些延迟爆轰模型相对激烈和对称的爆燃。最后,我们比较测量与模型的残余物的演变,包括光滑和clujeaghte喷出物配置文件,发现这两个喷出物配置文件可以容纳的意见。
Type Ia supernovae from violent mergers of carbon-oxygen white dwarfs: polarisation signatures
两颗碳氧白矮星的剧烈合并被认为是某些Ia型超新星的可能祖先。然而,有人认为,这种模型产生的强烈的喷出物不对称性可能与Ia型超新星爆炸中通常观察到的低偏振度不一致。在这里,我们通过对Pakmor等人(2012)提出的模型进行分光偏振分析来验证这一说法,该模型是在1.1 M $_{\odot}$和0.9 M $_{\odot}$碳氧白矮星双星系统合并期间触发的爆炸。由于喷出物的不对称性,偏振信号随视角显著变化。我们发现,在赤道平面的观察员的偏振水平是适度的($\lesssim$ 1%),并显示出明确的证据,作为一个主导轴,作为一个后果的喷出物对称的轨道平面。相反,平面外的取向与更高程度的偏振和偏离主轴相关联。虽然这里研究的特定模型与SN 2004dt等高度极化事件有很好的匹配,但它很难再现正常Ia型超新星中常见的低极化水平。具体来说,我们发现,元素分布的显着不对称性导致了丰富的强偏振功能,没有观察到在大多数目前可用的光谱偏振数据的Ia型超新星。未来的研究将绘制出合并情景的参数空间,以调查替代模型是否可以提供与观测更好的一致性。
Ejecta clumps revealed by study of reverse-shocked ejecta through MUSE integral field spectroscopy of SNR 0509-67.5
The University of New South Wales(新南威尔士大学);Australian National University(澳大利亚国立大学);Naval Research Laboratory(海军研究实验室);The University of Manitoba(曼尼托巴大学);RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences (iTHEMS)(理化学研究所跨学科理论与数学科学中心(iTHEMS))
Line Polarization of Si II $λ$6355 Å in Type Ia Supernovae: A New Statistical Approach to Probe the Explosion Physics and Diversity
Gemini Observatory / NSF's NOIRLab(双子座天文台 / 美国国家光学红外天文研究实验室);Florida State University(佛罗里达州立大学);European Organisation for Astronomical Research in the Southern Hemisphere (ESO)(欧洲南方天文学组织);University of Texas, Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校);Tsinghua University(清华大学)
通过分析Ia型超新星中Si II λ6355 Å线的偏振特性,研究者利用统计方法揭示了爆炸物理和多样性,发现不同非对称性类别对偏振的影响。
Detection of knots in the supernova type Iax remnant Pa 30
Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Department of Physics, University of Warwick(华威大学物理系);Institute of Science and Technology Austria(奥地利科学与技术研究所)
The hydrogen-free circumstellar interaction in the Type Ib supernova 2021efd: A clue to the mechanism of the helium-layer stripping
University of Turku(图尔库大学);Nordic Optical Telescope(北欧光学望远镜);Aalto University(阿尔托大学);National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, National Institutes of Natural Sciences(日本国立天文台,国立自然科学研究所);Finnish Center of Astronomy with ESO (FINCA)(芬兰ESO天文学中心);Aarhus University(奥胡斯大学);Kyoto University(京都大学);Zhejiang University(浙江大学)