基于逻辑的战略环境评价决策支持
Logic-Based Decision Support for Strategic Environmental Assessment
摘要：
战略环境评价是一个程序，旨在引入系统的评估计划和方案的环境影响。这个过程是基于所谓的同轴矩阵，它定义了计划活动（基础设施，工厂，资源提取，建筑物等）之间的依赖关系。积极和消极的环境影响，以及这些影响与环境受体之间的依赖关系。到目前为止，这一程序是由环境专家手工执行的，用于检查给定计划或项目的环境影响，但在计划/项目建设期间从未应用过。一个以明确的逻辑语义为基础的决策支持系统将是一个宝贵的工具，不仅在评估一个单一的、已经确定的计划方面，而且在规划过程中，为了制定一个优化的、经过环境评估的计划和研究可能的替代方案，也是一个宝贵的工具。我们提出了两个基于逻辑的方法来解决这个问题，一个基于约束逻辑编程和一个概率逻辑编程，可以在未来，方便地合并，以利用两者的优势。我们测试所提出的方法在一个真正的能源计划，我们讨论他们的局限性和优势。
英文摘要：
Strategic Environmental Assessment is a procedure aimed at introducing systematic assessment of the environmental effects of plans and programs. This procedure is based on the so-called coaxial matrices that define dependencies between plan activities (infrastructures, plants, resource extractions, buildings, etc.) and positive and negative environmental impacts, and dependencies between these impacts and environmental receptors. Up to now, this procedure is manually implemented by environmental experts for checking the environmental effects of a given plan or program, but it is never applied during the plan/program construction. A decision support system, based on a clear logic semantics, would be an invaluable tool not only in assessing a single, already defined plan, but also during the planning process in order to produce an optimized, environmentally assessed plan and to study possible alternative scenarios. We propose two logic-based approaches to the problem, one based on Constraint Logic Programming and one on Probabilistic Logic Programming that could be, in the future, conveniently merged to exploit the advantages of both. We test the proposed approaches on a real energy plan and we discuss their limitations and advantages.
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