利克天文台基于MEMS的可见光自适应光学的性能：闭环和开环控制
Performance of MEMS-based visible-light adaptive optics at Lick Observatory: Closed- and open-loop control
摘要：
在加利福尼亚大学的利克天文台，我们已经实现了下一代自适应光学（AO）技术的天空测试平台。可见光激光导星实验仪器（ViLLaGEs）包括可见光AO、微机电系统（MEMS）可变形反射镜以及在Mt.汉密尔顿在本文中，我们评估的性能ViLLaGEs在开环和闭环控制，发现这两种控制方法给等效Strehl比率高达~ 7%，在I波段和类似的时间功率抑制。因此，我们发现，开环控制的MEMS上天空是有效的闭环控制。此外，经过三年的运行系统，我们发现MEMS技术在天文台环境中运行良好。我们构建了一个系统的误差预算，占130 nm的波前误差的190 nm的科学相机PSF的错误。我们发现，占主导地位的已知项是内部静态误差，并从开环控制（MEMS模型，位置重复性，滞后，WFS线性）的误差预算的已知贡献是可以忽略不计的。
英文摘要：
At the University of California's Lick Observatory, we have implemented an on-sky testbed for next-generation adaptive optics (AO) technologies. The Visible-Light Laser Guidestar Experiments instrument (ViLLaGEs) includes visible-light AO, a micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) deformable mirror, and open-loop control of said MEMS on the 1-meter Nickel telescope at Mt. Hamilton. In this paper we evaluate the performance of ViLLaGEs in open- and closed-loop control, finding that both control methods give equivalent Strehl ratios of up to ~ 7% in I-band and similar rejection of temporal power. Therefore, we find that open-loop control of MEMS on-sky is as effective as closed-loop control. Furthermore, after operating the system for three years, we find MEMS technology to function well in the observatory environment. We construct an error budget for the system, accounting for 130 nm of wavefront error out of 190 nm error in the science-camera PSFs. We find that the dominant known term is internal static error, and that the known contributions to the error budget from open-loop control (MEMS model, position repeatability, hysteresis, and WFS linearity) are negligible.
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