宇宙的几何学
The Geometry of the Universe
摘要：
20世纪90年代末，对Ia型超新星的观测得出了令人震惊的发现，即宇宙正在加速膨胀。对这种反常加速度的解释一直是自那次发现以来物理学中最大的问题之一。我们提出的宇宙学模型，可以简单而优雅地解释宇宙加速通过时空连续体的几何结构，没有引入一个宇宙学常数到标准的爱因斯坦场方程，否定了存在的必要性暗能量。在这种几何中，三个基本的物理维度长度、时间和质量在新的相对论中相互关联。这些模型有四个显著的特点：1）光速和引力常量不是常数，而是随着宇宙的演化而变化; 2）时间没有开始也没有结束;即，既不存在大爆炸，也不存在大挤压奇点; 3）宇宙的空间截面是一个三维球体; 4）宇宙在演化过程中经历了加速和减速两个阶段。其中一个模型被选择并与当前的宇宙学观测进行了检验，发现它与红移-光度距离数据拟合得相当好。
英文摘要：
In the late 1990s, observations of type Ia supernovae led to the astounding discovery that the universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. The explanation of this anomalous acceleration has been one of the great problems in physics since that discovery. We propose cosmological models that can simply and elegantly explain the cosmic acceleration via the geometric structure of the spacetime continuum, without introducing a cosmological constant into the standard Einstein field equation, negating the necessity for the existence of dark energy. In this geometry, the three fundamental physical dimensions length, time, and mass are related in new kind of relativity. There are four conspicuous features of these models: 1) the speed of light and the gravitational constant are not constant, but vary with the evolution of the universe, 2) time has no beginning and no end; i.e., there is neither a big bang nor a big crunch singularity, 3) the spatial section of the universe is a 3-sphere, and 4) in the process of evolution, the universe experiences phases of both acceleration and deceleration. One of these models is selected and tested against current cosmological observations, and is found to fit the redshift- luminosity distance data quite well.
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