从意大利西部阿尔卑斯山寻找冷恒星周围行星的光度计transit：一个地点特征研究
Photometric transit search for planets around cool stars from the Western Italian Alps: a site characterization study
摘要：
我们提出了一个网站进行的表征研究的结果在天文台的自治区的奥斯塔谷（OAVdA），在意大利西部阿尔卑斯山，旨在建立其潜在的主机周围的一个统计上显着的样本附近的冷M矮星的小尺寸行星的光度过境搜索。[删节]我们测量了取决于地点的观察条件，例如夜空亮度、光度精度和视觉特性。公共气象数据也被用来帮助确定每年有用观测夜的实际数目。测得的天顶$V$ -波段夜空亮度是非常好的，非常黑暗的观测站点的典型。在$V$谱带记录的消光与其他位点的消光没有不同。在原位观测期间的中位视宁度为$\sim1.7^{\prime\prime}$。由于观测时间有限，我们没有探索任何可能的季节模式，或其可能依赖于其他气象参数，如风速和方向的细节。此外，我们的数据表明，在观测站的看到是相当稳定的，在大多数的夜晚。每年完全晴朗的夜晚的比例为39%，而假设（保守的）云层覆盖不超过夜晚的50%，则有用的夜晚总数增加到57%。基于对2009年5月至8月期间收集的以凌日行星WASP-3、HAT-P-7和Gliese 436为中心的三个恒星场的测光数据的分析，我们在几个夜晚对亮星（$R\lesssim 11$ mag）实现了与视见无关的最佳情况测光精度$σ_\mathrm{ph}\lesssim3$ mmag（rms）。对于具有$R\lesssim13$等的恒星，在观测期间获得了中等性能的$σ_\mathrm{ph}\sim6$等。
英文摘要：
We present the results of a site characterization study carried out at the Astronomical Observatory of the Autonomous Region of the Aosta Valley (OAVdA), in the Western Italian Alps, aimed at establishing its potential to host a photometric transit search for small-size planets around a statistically significant sample of nearby cool M dwarfs. [abridged] we gauged site-dependent observing conditions such as night-sky brightness, photometric precision, and seeing properties. Public meteorological data were also used in order to help in the determination of the actual number of useful observing nights per year. The measured zenithal $V$-band night-sky brightness is typical of that of very good, very dark observing sites. The extinction registered at $V$ band is not dissimilar from that of other sites. The median seeing over the period of in situ observations is found to be $\sim1.7^{\prime\prime}$. Given the limited duration of the observations, we did not probe any possible seeing seasonal patterns, or the details of its possible dependence on other meteorological parameters, such as wind speed and direction. Moreover, our data show that the seeing at the observatory was reasonably stable during most of the nights. The fraction of fully clear nights per year amounts to 39\%, while the total of useful nights increases to 57\% assuming a (conservative) cloud cover of not more than 50\% of the night. Based on the analysis of photometric data collected over the period May-August 2009 for three stellar fields centered on the transiting planet hosts WASP-3, HAT-P-7, and Gliese 436, we achieve seeing-independent best-case photometric precision $σ_\mathrm{ph}\lesssim3$ mmag (rms) in several nights for bright stars ($R\lesssim 11$ mag). A median performance $σ_\mathrm{ph}\sim6$ mmag during the observing period is obtained for stars with $R\lesssim13$ mag. [abridged]
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